Chapter 9 Flashcards
Astrocytes provide a protection of the brain called _______
Blood brain barrier
At a synapse the neuron that is sending the action potential is _____
Presynaptic
This lines the cavities of the brain in the CNS ________
Ependymal
Produces the myelin in the CNS ______
Oligodendrocytes
Supports neurons in the ganglia _____
Satellite cells
Star shaped and supports neurons in the CNS
Astorcytes
Smallest size of the neuroglia
Microglia
Forms neurolemma and myelin in PNS
Schwann cell
3 functions of the nervous system
Sensory
Integrative
Motor
The synaptic cleft is the space that a ________ crosses to initiate a response in a post synaptic neuron
Neurotransmitter
What is the difference between a nerve and a tract
Nerve is in the PNS
Tract is in the CNS
Both are bundles of myelinated fibers
The insulating material of a neuron in the PNS
Myelin
Name 2 characteristics that would increase the speed of nerve transmission
- Myelinated fibers
2. Larger diameter
The body’s natural painkiller
Endorphins
A neurotransmitter that helps regulate moods is
Serotonin
The “fight or flight” nervous system is
Sympathetic
Describe the arrangement of the gray and white matter in the spinal cord
Gray is in the inside part of the spinal cord, myelinated
White surrounds the outer part, myelinated
Highly branched
Input part of the neuron
Dendrites
Unmyelinated gap in the myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier
Bundle of many axons in the CNS
Tract
Neuron that conveys information from a receptor to the CNS
Sensory
Group of cell bodies in the CNS
Nucleus
Neuron that conveys information from the CNS to an effector
Motor neuron
Produces myelin sheath in PNS
Schwann cell
Group of cell bodies in PNS
Ganglion
Long, cylindrical process that conducts impulses toward another neuron
Axon
The portion of the neuron containing the nucleus
Cell body
Sac in which the neurotransmitter is stored
Synaptic vesicles
Neuron located entirely within the CNS
Integration
Substance used for communication at chemical synapses
Neurotransmitter
Bundle of many axons in the PNS
Nerve
Rounded structure at the distal end of an axon terminal
Synaptic end bulb
This type of neuron take impulses to muscles
Motor neuron
An axon carries an impulse _____ from a cell body
Away
A neurotransmitter must cross the ______ to initiate an impulse in a postsynaptic neuron
Synaptic cleft
A motor neuron is an example of afferent or efferent nerve?
Efferent
A myelinated neuron appears what color
White
Ms is more common in men or women
Women
Membrane where inner an outer surfaces have equal amounts of electrical charge
Depolarized
Membrane where inner an outer surfaces have unequal amounts of electrical charge
Polarized
Time during which a neuron can’t be stimulated to initiate an impulse
Refractory period
Ions found in high concentration inside the plasma membrane
Potassium
Ions found in high concentration outside the plasma membrane
Sodium
The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a plasma membrane
Resting potential
The mechanism by which ions are moved through membrane from lesser to greater concentration
Sodium pump
