Chapter 9 Flashcards
Blackout
Failure to recall events that occurred while drinking even though there is no loss of consciousness.
Confabulation
A fabrication of events, when asked questions concerning them, because of an inability to recall.
Distillation
The process by which the heating of a fermented mix increases its alcohol content
Intoxication
A transient state of physical and psychological disruption caused by the presence of a toxic substance, such as alcohol, in the CNS.
Long-term memory
Memory for remote events. According to one theory of memory, information enters long-term memory through short-term memory.
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
Drugs used to treat depressions that inhibit the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which degrades the neurotransmitters of norepinephrine and serotonin.
Neuropsychological tests
Formal ways of measuring behavioral functions that may be impaired by brain lesions.
Proof
The proportion of alcohol in a beverage, by volume. Proof typically is used in reference to distilled spirits and equals twice the percentage of alcohol.
Pylorospasm
The shutting of the pylorus valve that occurs in some people when they drink very large quantities of alcohol.
REM sleep
Acronym for “rapid eye movements,” which are associated with dream activity and are one stage in a cycle of sleep.
Short-term memory
Memory for recent events; thought to differ from long-term memory in several important ways.
Standard drink
The alcohol equivalent in a drink of beer, wine, or distilled spirits. A standard drink equals 0.6 ounce of alcohol—about the alcohol content in 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of table wine, or 1.5 ounce of 80- to 100-proof whiskey.
Teratology
In biology, the study of monsters, or distortions in growth.
Describe the drug experience associated with alcohol consumption
Explain how alcohol affects the nervous system.
Alcohol is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS). It may exert its effects by dissolving in lipid membranes
The GABA receptors are one locus that likely is a specific neural site of alcohol’s action in the body. Identifying a specific receptor mechanism is difficult, however, because alcohol’s effects on the body are so diffuse
Explain how blood alcohol concentration is determined.
BAC is approximated by a simple equation that includes alcohol dose and time. Other factors that influence BAC are percentage of body fat, gender,
and rate of alcohol metabolization
Describe the symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome
- Insomnia
- Autonomic symptoms such as sweating, racing heart
- Hand tremors (“the shakes”)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Psychomotor agitation
- Anxiety
- Seizures
- Hallucinations
Identify the specific ways that alcohol can be used therapeutically
treat skin problems, moderate stimulate appetite and digestion, treat fevers, serve as liniments, relieve chronic pain
Compare and contrast the acute and chronic effects of alcohol use
Chronic: heavy drinking is associated with impaired
sexual functioning in both men and women, 3 liver disorders - fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis, and cirrhosis, impaired memory and other cog functions
Differentiate between traditional and biopsychosocial approaches to the development of an alcohol use disorder
Traditional: single-factor explanation of what causes alcohol use disorder, classified bio, psych, or social
Biopsychosocial: Alcohol use disorder, as well as drug use
disorder, is caused and maintained by a combination of biological, psychological,
and sociological factors
