Chapter 9

Question 1

Blackout

Answer 1

Failure to recall events that occurred while drinking even though there is no loss of consciousness.

Question 2

Confabulation

Answer 2

A fabrication of events, when asked questions concerning them, because of an inability to recall.

Question 3

Distillation

Answer 3

The process by which the heating of a fermented mix increases its alcohol content

Question 4

Intoxication

Answer 4

A transient state of physical and psychological disruption caused by the presence of a toxic substance, such as alcohol, in the CNS.

Question 5

Long-term memory

Answer 5

Memory for remote events. According to one theory of memory, information enters long-term memory through short-term memory.

Question 6

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

Answer 6

Drugs used to treat depressions that inhibit the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which degrades the neurotransmitters of norepinephrine and serotonin.

Question 7

Neuropsychological tests

Answer 7

Formal ways of measuring behavioral functions that may be impaired by brain lesions.

Question 8

Proof

Answer 8

The proportion of alcohol in a beverage, by volume. Proof typically is used in reference to distilled spirits and equals twice the percentage of alcohol.

Question 9

Pylorospasm

Answer 9

The shutting of the pylorus valve that occurs in some people when they drink very large quantities of alcohol.

Question 10

REM sleep

Answer 10

Acronym for “rapid eye movements,” which are associated with dream activity and are one stage in a cycle of sleep.

Question 11

Short-term memory

Answer 11

Memory for recent events; thought to differ from long-term memory in several important ways.

Question 12

Standard drink

Answer 12

The alcohol equivalent in a drink of beer, wine, or distilled spirits. A standard drink equals 0.6 ounce of alcohol—about the alcohol content in 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of table wine, or 1.5 ounce of 80- to 100-proof whiskey.

Question 13

Teratology

Answer 13

In biology, the study of monsters, or distortions in growth.

Question 14

Describe the drug experience associated with alcohol consumption

Question 15

Explain how alcohol affects the nervous system.

Answer 15

Alcohol is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS). It may exert its effects by dissolving in lipid membranes
The GABA receptors are one locus that likely is a specific neural site of alcohol’s action in the body. Identifying a specific receptor mechanism is difficult, however, because alcohol’s effects on the body are so diffuse

Question 16

Explain how blood alcohol concentration is determined.

Answer 16

BAC is approximated by a simple equation that includes alcohol dose and time. Other factors that influence BAC are percentage of body fat, gender,
and rate of alcohol metabolization

Question 17

Describe the symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Answer 17

• Insomnia
• Autonomic symptoms such as sweating, racing heart
• Hand tremors (“the shakes”)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Psychomotor agitation
• Anxiety
• Seizures
• Hallucinations

Question 18

Identify the specific ways that alcohol can be used therapeutically

Answer 18

treat skin problems, moderate stimulate appetite and digestion, treat fevers, serve as liniments, relieve chronic pain

Question 19

Compare and contrast the acute and chronic effects of alcohol use

Answer 19

Chronic: heavy drinking is associated with impaired
sexual functioning in both men and women, 3 liver disorders - fatty liver, alcohol hepatitis, and cirrhosis, impaired memory and other cog functions

Question 20

Differentiate between traditional and biopsychosocial approaches to the development of an alcohol use disorder

Answer 20

Traditional: single-factor explanation of what causes alcohol use disorder, classified bio, psych, or social
Biopsychosocial: Alcohol use disorder, as well as drug use
disorder, is caused and maintained by a combination of biological, psychological,
and sociological factors