Chapter 7 Flashcards
Emphysema
Disease of the lung characterized by abnormal dilution of its air spaces and distension of its walls. Frequently, heart action is impaired.
Nicotine poisoning
A consequence of nicotine overdose characterized by palpitations, dizziness, sweating, nausea, or vomiting.
Relapse
A term from physical disease; return to a previous state of illness from one of health. As applied to smoking, it means one resumes smoking after having abstained for some amount of time.
2 Biological, 2 psychological, and 2 social/environmental factors that contribute to the initiation of smoking in adolescents and young adults are
Bio: Teen brains more sensitive to effects, higher hostility and aggression more stimulated
Psych: novelty seeking
Social: advertisements
Describe the drug experience associated with tobacco use
● Despite its classification as a stimulant, those who use nicotine often perceive it as having calming, relaxing effects.
* Increases dopamine levels in the mesocorticolimbic system
* Increases blood pressure
* Increases heart rate
* Stimulates release of adrenalin from adrenal glands
* Increases tone and activity of the gastrointestinal tract
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* Facilitates release of dopamine and serotonin
* Affects CNS functions of arousal, attention, learning, memory storage and retrieval,
mood, and rapid eye movement (REM) during sleep
Metabolism and excretion contribute to smoking many cigs each day because
Quicker absorption time in smoking, nicotine levels fall rapidly
Must smoke often to maintain nicotine blood level that is not below the threshold for beg of withdrawal symptoms
Short term effects of nicotine on the brain
Nicotine’s acute effects involve the CNS and ANS. It tends to have stimulant effects at lower doses but more depressant effects at higher doses.
Explain the factors that contribute to nicotine producing rapid tolerance and physical dependence in individuals
The time from their unpleasant first cigarette to pleasurable smoking of a pack a day or more can be as short as several weeks. Besides tolerance
to the effects of nicotine, dispositional tolerance develops
Dependence: induces physical dependence when taken away long enough and re-administration alleviates withdrawal symptoms
Compare and contrast the acute and chronic effects of tobacco use
Acute: CNS stim - tremors, vomiting, increase fluid retention reduce muscle tone, enhance alterness,learning, memory. Increase HR, BP, and contract of hear, itiates dilation of arteries
chronic: expect to live 10 years less, lung diseases, cancers
Diseases associated with chronic tobacco use
Major diseases linked to smoking are heart disease,
chronic obstructive lung disease, and cancers of
various types
Explain the factors that contribute to nicotine producing rapid tolerance and physical dependence in individuals
Functional tolerance to nicotine’s effects is acquired quickly. Dispositional tolerance to nicotine also seems to develop
Pharmacological, psychological, and social/environmental factors combine to make nicotine a drug with high dependence liability. The major motivator in continuing tobacco use is nicotine.
Compare and contrast behavioral and pharmacological programs used to treat cig smoking
Smoking treatment programs focus on stopping nicotine-withdrawal symptoms, breaking the behavioral or habit part of smoking, and teaching
skills to cope with stress without smoking.
Nicotine replacement treatments and other pharmacotherapies for cigarette smoking seem to be
most effective when used in combination with
behavioral treatments, especially for those who
show strong dependence on smoking.
