Chapter 4 Flashcards
absorbed
When drugs have entered the bloodstream
antagonism
the diminished or reduced effect of a drug when another drug is present
as a function of
a term expressing correlation. in graphs of functional relationships between two variables, changes in one variable associated with changes in another (drug dose) are represented.
bioavailability
The portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives it access to its site of action
control
In research, to be able to account for variables that may affect the results of a study.
Diffusibility
A more diffusible substance is more easily entered into or “receptive” of another
Dissolved
When a drug changes from solid to liquid by mixing it with a liquid.
Distribution
The transport of drugs by the blood to their site(s) of action in the body.
Drug potency
The minimum effective dose of a drug.
Effective dose
The dose at which a given percentage of individuals show a particular effect of a drug
Efficacy
The most intense, or peak, level of a drug effect
Feedback
In this context, in a series of events, what happens in a later event alters events that preceded it.
Freebase
When a substance is separated, or “freed” from its salt base. The separated form of the substance is thus called “freebase”.
Half-life
The amount of time that must pass for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half
Interact
When the effects of one drug are modified by the presence of another drug.
Lethal dose
The dose of a drug at which a given percentage of individuals die within a specified time.
Metabolism
The process by which the body breaks down matter into more simple components and waste.
Pharmacodynamics
The branch of pharmacology that concerns the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
Pharmacokinetics
Refers to the study of “what the body does to the drug” and includes the main processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (known as the acronym ADME)
Qualitative
The kind, as opposed to quantity, of effect.
Side effects
Effects of a drug other than those central interest; used most often in reference to the other-than-therapeutic effects of medications, such as the side effect of drowsiness for antihistamines. Note that what are considered a drug’s side effects depend on what specifically the drug is being used for.
Slope
The steepness or rise of a curve
Solubility
The ease with which a compound can be dissolved or entered into a solution.
Suspended
When a drug’s particles are dispersed in solution but not dissolved in it.
