Chapter 9 Flashcards
Polymers are?
Everywhere - each has a distinct physical property
From what raw material are the building blocks (monomers) of polymers produced?
Crude oil
can polymers be recycled?
Yes
How much of our polymer products come from recycled resources?
- a very small amount that fluctuates a little bit yearly
Example: limiting use of plastic bags - what are the political responses?
- may lead to having to pay for bags which could cause drama
- people become upset that they have to provide their own bags or pay for them
Monomers
Are repeated units used to synthesize polymers
Linear monomers are?
A straight chain, or branched out vs. circular
what are the two types of polymers
- natural synthetic
What can repeating glucose do
- can digest but we can’t use glucose connected like this
The two types of polymer synthesis action
Addition and condition synthesizing
Overall the amount of free radicals is what
- very small in comparison to the rest of the polymer, so it is generally omitted from the reaction equation
If the product has an average molar mass of 400kg/mol, how many ethylene units were incorporates, on average, into each polymer?
C2H4: 2(12) x 4(1) = 28g/mol
400,000 g/mol / 28g/mol = 14,290 (This is a average)
What is the difference between the length of polymers and how they break down
- the shorter the polymer the more potential that it can break up. The shorter polymers have less space available, and therefore have less potential for Vanderwal interactions
- the longer the polymers the more potential for vander whall interactions and the smaller the chance that it will break down.
- as the length of the polymer increase the effect of the strength needed to cold-stretch to the breaking point increases
Why are proteins polymers
Proteins are polymers because they have repeating units, but none of the repeating units are identical
- amino acids are constantly with N-C-C
- they differ by: the side chains
- there are 20 possibilities of amino acid combinations
- they are always repeating structures
What are the two factors that affect the physical properties of PE?
- the length of each polymer
- the branching of each polymer
Addition polymerization
Condition polymerization
Addition - a type of polymerization in which monomers add to the growing chain in such a way that the polymer contains all the atoms of the monomer
Condensation - a type of polymerization in which small molecules such as water is split out (eliminated) when the monomers join to form a polymer
thermoplastic polymers
Plasticizer
Blowing agent
- with heat they can be melted and reshaped repeatedly
- compounds that are added in small amounts to polymers to make them softer and more pliable
- either a gas or a substance capable of producing.a gas to manufacture a foamed plastic
Copolymer
Amino acids
Polyamides
Peptide bond
Biomimetic materials
- a polymer formed by the combination of 2 or more different monomers
- monomers from which our body builds proteins
- condensation polymers that contain the amide functional group (-CONH2)
- the covalent bond that forms when the -COOH group of one amino acids reacts with the -NH2, of another, joining with 2 amino acids
- components for the use in human applications that are developed using inspiration from nature
Municipal solid waste
Everything you discard or throw into your trash, including food scraps, grass clippings, and old applications
Postconsumer content
Preconsumer content
Postconsumer - material that was previously used individually that otherwise would have been discarded as waste
Preconsumer - waste leftover from the manufacturing process itself, such as scraps and clippings
Condensation polymerization
When two molecules/compounds join together and get added to water
- H2O is in the product and if you see it then it is condensation
What is the difference between LDPE and HDPE
- LDPE is branching out, the number of the forces present is small, not very rigid, and is also easy to stretch or break
- HDPE is non-branching, the number of forces present is large, is very rigid, not very easy to stretch or break
Plasticizer
- added to make the material more pliable by introducing more irregularity to it
How to tell is something is ester
- when C is double and single bonded to O with a R and R’ group
PETE
- polyethylene terephthalate ester
- an alcohol that reacts with terephthalic acid (carboxylic acid) to yield an ester
- the reaction of two components indicates a co-polymer that is formed by a condensation reaction
What are the three ways to arrange PVC polymer? (Vinyl chloride polymerize)
- head to tail
- head to head, tail to tail
- random order (can occur in any way)
The steps for amide and ester formation
1) R-O-H is alcohol
2) R’ -c(=O) - OH is carboxylic acid
3) alcohol will lose a proton
4) carboxylic acid with lose an OH
5) R - O^- will make a bond to the c=o
6) add H2O
What functional groups are present in condensation polymerization?
What additional reactions are possible with each functional group, ethylene glycol, or terephthalic acid?
Alcohol, carboxylic acid
With another alcohol or carboxylic acid
How to tell if something is a alcohol?
An alcohol is O-H
How to tell if something is a carboxylic acid?
A Carbon double bonded to an Oxygen, and bonded to O-H
