Chapter 12 Review Questions Flashcards
2:
As seen in section 11.5, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is produced from the partial conversion of glucose into fructose. The equilibrium constant of this reaction is?
K = [Fructose]/[Glucose] = 0.74
A) is glucose or fructose favored in this reaction?
B) in a system at equilibrium, if [Glucose] = 0.22mM, what must [Fructose] be?
A) because the K , 1m the reactant (here, glucose) is favored over the product (here, fructose)
B) For a system t equilibrium, the ratio of K = [fructose]/[glucose] =0.74 because we know the concentration of glucose, we can solve for the concentration of fructose using this formula: [fructose]/0.22mM = 0.74
We know that [fructose] = 0.74 x 0.22mM
[fructose] = 0.16mM
4:
Write the equilibrium constant for the dissociation shown in figure 12.3
In the figure, the AB complex is in the position of the reactants leading to A free and B free as products
K = [A free] [B free] /[AB complex]
7:
List and draw the structural isomers for C6H14. Watch for duplicates
There are five different isomers. The three structural formulas and line-angle drawings can be listed in the drawing.
11:
For each of these, identify the functional group. Then, draw an isomer that contains a different functional group
A) this compound is an alcohol (ethanol). An isomer with a different functional group (an ether)
B) Aldehyde. An isomer with a different functional group (a ketone)
C) Ester. An isomer with a different functional group (a carboxylic acid)
17:
Define and relate the two terms: hormone and receptor. Can one of these function without the other?
Hormones are chemical signals produced in the body to regulate many physiological events, such as the metabolism of food (insulin), our response to sudden or dangerous events (adrenaline), and many others.
Receptors are the proteins that bind to these hormones to transfer the information in that chemical signal. A chemical without a switch to flip will no serve a purpose. Similarity, a patient receptor without a chemical to activate it will be passive
21:
Ester formation reactions were vital in the discovery of aspirin. Draw structural formulas for the esters formed when acetic acid reacts with these alcohols:
A) n-propanol, CH3CH2CH2OH
B) iso-propanol, (CH3)2CHOH
C) tert-butanol, (CH3)3COH
Acetic acid is CH3COOH
A, B, and C are drawn
27:
Draw the structural formulas for each of these molecules and determine the number and type of bond (single, double, or triple) for each carbon atom
A) H3CCN (acetonitrile, used to make a type of plastic)
B) H2NC(O)NH2 (urea, an important fertilizer)
C) C6H5COOH (benzocaine acid, a food preservative)
A) has four single bonds, one triple bond
B) six single bonds, one double bond
C) eleven single bonds, four double bonds
All are drawn out
30:
Antihistamines are widely used drugs for treating symptoms of allergies caused by reactions to histamine compound. This class of drugs competes with histamine, occupying receptor sites on cells normally occupied by histamine. The structure for a particular antihistamine is listed
A) give the chemical formula
B) what similarities do you see between this structure and that of histamine (shown in question 12) that would allow the antihistamine to bind to the same receptor as histamine?
A) the chemical formula is C16H21N3
B) both compounds have nitrogen-containing rings, but they are not the same size rings. the major structural similarity is the presence of the -CH2 CH2N group, which is likely the part of each molecule that competes to attach to the receptor site
40:
Consider the structure of morphine in Figure 12.32. Codeine, another strong analgesic with narcotic action, has a very similar structure in which the -OH group attached to the benzene ring is replaced by an -OCH3 group
A) the code in structure shown has two ether groups, an alcohol group, and an amine group
B) No, comparison of only two drugs is not enough evidence to draw general conclusions about the role structural changes play in determining drug effectiveness and addictiveness
