Chapter 11 Flashcards
Undernourishment
A condition where a persons calorie intake is insufficient to meet metabolic needs
Macronutrients
Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins that provide essentially all energy and most of the raw material for body repairing and synthesis
Saturated
Unsaturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated
Saturated - when the hydrocarbon chain contains only one single bond between the carbon atoms
Unsaturated - only if they contain one or more c=c bonds (if it has a double bond it’s unsaturated)
Monounsaturated - only one double bond between carbon atoms per molecule
Polyunsaturated - fatty acids containing more than one double bond between carbon atoms
Interesterification
Any process in which the fatty acids on two or more triglycerides are crumbled to produce a mixture of different triglycerides
Carbohydrates
Compounds that contain Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, with H and O atoms found i the same 2:1 ratio as in H2O
Monosaccharide
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Mono - a single sugar
Di - a double sugar
Poly - condensation polymers made up of thousands of monosaccharide units
Protein
- a poly die or polypeptide that is a polymer built from amino acid monomers
Dipeptide
A compounds formed from two amino acids
Protein complementarity
Combining foods that complement essential to amino acid content so that the total diet provides a complete supply of amino acids used for protein synthesis
Micronutrients
Substances that are needed only in mini use amounts but are essential in life
Vitamins
Organic compounds with a wide range of physiological functions
Coenzymes
Molecule that work in conjunction with enzymes to enhance their activity
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
The minimum amount of energy required daily to support basic body functions
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
They remove nitrogen gas from the air and convert is into ammonia
Denitrification
The process of converting nitrogen to nitrogen gas
Food surveillance
Random samples of food and produce are taken from farms or grocery stores, and analyzed for residues of chemicals and/or microbes
Total diet surveys
Samples of consumers’ meals are analyzed for contaminants
Enforcement sampling
Samples are taken when/where there is a concern that a food safety problem may exist, and this might lead to a food recall
Food borne illnesses
The presence of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemical toxins that can go undetected in our foods
Anabolism
Small molecules used to build up macromolecules