Chapter 9 Flashcards
When was the republic formed?
What was Louis renamed?
What was his nickname?
Sep 1792-1804
Louis Capet
Louis the last (implies want of republic without a monarch)
When was the republican calendar in use?
When did time begin?
1793-1805
When monarchy ended
How well were the deputies of the new convention cooperating?
What favouritism caused disagreements between the deputies?
Disagreements outweigh shared beliefs
Esp on Louis Capet
Jacobins & Girondins (both revs)
What was the differing view between Jacobins & Girondins?
G = protect & consolidate gains already achieved
J saw this as only a starting point
What were the shared beliefs of J leaning & G leaning deputies?
Support republic gov
Support war & french victory
Further enlightened reform to improve gov, economy & society
Where did the J have a support base?
How did they want control spread in gov?
Paris
Increased central control
Where did G have a support base?
How did they want control spread in gov?
Wide support in provinces
Decentralisation
What were J & G attitudes towards sans-culottes?
How did they respond to SC demands?
Favoured by SC
Ready to respond
Feared SC activism
Wanted a free market to prevent curbs in liberty
What was the J & G approach to get power?
J = radical
G = moderate
What did Jacobins & Girondins want to happen to Louis Capet?
J = put on trial & executed
G = hesitant to act
Accepted guilt but less inclined to supp death penalty
Who did most deputies in ‘the plain’ support?
What was this undermined by?
Girondins
Fickle loyalties & oft %
What did deputy const agreements cause?
What was done to solve this?
What made it hard to achieve anything?
Unproductiveness
Const committee (Sieyes & Danton) to draw up new const proposals
Arguments
Who did the Girondins see as potential dictators?
Jacobin induviduals:
Robespierre
Danton
Marat
What did the jacobins accuse the Girondins of?
Lacking faith in the rev
Attempting to form own party to block legitimate change
What committed Girondins to war?
Why?
Dumouriez (G) victory over Austrians
To spread enlightenment & rev ideas across Europe
How did Girondins win support for
Some provocative decrees?
What was the decree on 16 Nov 1792?
19 Nov?
spreading enlightenment & rev ideas across Europe through war
River Scheldt made open to river traffic
‘Liberty should be east & tyranny overthrown’
Edict of fraternity promised ‘fraternity & assistance to all people who wish to recover their liberty’
While g had victory externally, where did j have victory?
At home
What were the repercussions of war (Austria)?
Increased inflation
Sporadic peasant rioting in west France
Who was in favour for Louis’ death?
Who feared action?
Why?
When was this debated?
Robespierre & J
G
Could provoke unrest & civil war
Nov-Dec 1792
What committee was set up on Nov 1st?
To consider legal problems of the trial
What proved the kings counter rev activities?
20 Nov
Discovery of bod in Tuileries palace
Papers if correspondence with royal Austrian family
What decision was taken on Dec 3?
What was the convention to act as during the trial?
What was this doubtful of?
To try Louis
Judge & jury
Legality
What did Robespierre argue on Dec 4?
What was drawn up to present to Louis?
Immediate death for country to live
King already judged by the people
Indictment
What was read to Louis Dec 11?
What did it question?
What did it state?
Indictment
Louis conduct from start of E-G
Louis a threat to future of France & republic
What was Louis defence on Dec 26?
Lawyers argued king couldn’t be accused of treason
Rejected
What did G propose on dec 27?
Who refused this?
Why?
Referendum for the people to determine verdict & punishment of Louis
J & ‘the Plain’ (despite being more G leaning but loyalties fickle)
Fear of undermining elected delegates
What did the convention vote on on in Jan 1793?
3 questions:
Guilt of king
All voted guilty with some abstentions
Should there be a referendum?
2/3 rejected
Votes on Louis sentence
What 5 options were there to vote on the fate of the king & their results?
2 = imprisonment with irons
26 = reprive
46 = death with conditions
286 = detention & banishment or solitary confinement
361 = death without conditions
When was the verdict in the fate of the king read?
When was Louis Capet executed?
Jan 20, 1793
21
How far did Louis have to travel to be executed?
When had the guillotine been set up?
2 hours from the temple to ‘Place de la Revolution’
Oct 1792 (month before committee set up to decide on fate of king)
How did Louis approach death?
What were his last words?
What cries were heard after his decapitated head was held up to the crowd?
Boldly
Idk, drowned out by drumroll
‘Long live the republic’
What was the indictment?
When?
French people accuse Louis of committing crimes to establish his tyranny by destroying its liberty
December 11, 1792
What was the 1st accusation of the indictment?
3rd
6th
15th
32nd
33rd
- Locking of doors leading to tennis oath
- Brought 20,000 troops to Paris
- Flight to Varennes
- War with Austria
- Storming of Tuileries
- ‘You caused the blood of Frenchmen to flow’
What was Louis a symbol of that caused his execution?
Why did this make him a threat?
Ancien regime
Republic not secure until he’s executed
When was Marie Antoinette executed?
On what charges?
16 Oct 1793
9 months after Louis
Treason
When was Marie Antoinette indicted?
How did she spent the last two months of her life?
Aug 1793
Living in squalor
Stripped of luxury, looked like a normal citizen
(Hated by public for extravagance)
How many of they royal children died?
7/8
Why was the current foreign policy a reason for Louis execution in 1793?
War with Austria
People thought Louis would use potential loss to reassert power through his personal alliance with Austria
What law did Louis prevent in 1792 that showed constitutional monarchy wouldn’t work?
Law to make emigre nobles traitors
During 1792 discussions on the fate of the king, what made Louis position worse?
Brunswick Manifesto
What was the Brunswick Manifesto a promise of?
What did it show about Louis?
Austrian-Prussian armies would revenge Paris if harm came to royal family
In communication with France’s Enimies (currently at war with also)
When was the storming of the Tuileries?
Who orchestrated the storming?
Events
1792
Sans-culottes
March on Versailles
Guards defected
2 hour battle
What happens to the king during the storming of the Tuileries?
Imprisoned
Temporary suspension of kings powers
What is the outcome of the storming of the Tuileries?
New convention created (not a const)
=> republic & const monarchy has failed
