Chapter 24 Flashcards
When did allied armies enter Paris?
April 1814
Who invited Louis XVIII to take the throne?
What was this under the condition of?
Senate
Charter of 74 articles
What did the charter of 74 articles guarantee?
Const with 2 chamber assembly
Fair taxation (controlled by chamber of deputies)
Equality before the law
Freedom of talent for careers
Abolish conscription
Pardon former revs
Relatively free press
Freedom of worship (but cath is state religion)
Owners of burns nationaux keep lands
What were the 2 chamber assemblies in the charter of 74 articles?
Elected chamber of deputies
King appointed chapter of peers
Where was Louis XVIII exiled?
When did he return?
Britain
May 3, 1814
What preamble did Louis XVIII add to the charter?
What does this show?
Freedoms promised were his personal gift to the people not their rights
Belief in his Devine right
When was the treaty of Paris signed?
Who drew it up?
30 May 1814
Allies
What did the treaty of Paris state?
What countries did France loose?
What did it gain?
Allies would withdraw form France
France could keep looted paintings
Belgium, Holland, Italy, Germany
500,000 larger population than in 1790
Who met to confirm & work out details of the treaty of Paris?
When?
Allies & french delegates
Nov 1814
When did N escape Elba?
Where did he land?
What is this known as?
11 march 1815
South coast of France
The hundred days
How many men did N have when he landed in France?
How did this increase?
What was significant about the Lyon’s rising?
> 1,000
Attracted large following as headed north
N hadn’t reached city yet
Rosina Gaines Bourbons
Who signed the declaration when N escaped Elba?
When?
What did it state?
Major powers
13th march 1815
N an outlaw
Offered Louis assistance to resist N
How were some supporters of N mislead during the hundred days?
On march north to Paris some led to believe N was summoned by allies
By the time news of N escape reached Vienna, how many supporters did N have?
12,000
What army defected to N on march 19?
What did Louis do?
Royal army stationed outside Paris
Fled to Ghent
What was the ease with which N took power a reflection of?
Why?
Louis XVIII failure to win loyalty & respect
Army officers on 1/2 pay
L didn’t purge army of Bonapartists
High taxes, promises to reduce not met
Continued conscription
Unfounded rumours of biens nationaux given back to original owners
Why was N able to take power back with ease?
Lack of loyalty & respect for Louis
N promises of peace
Press turned in N favour ‘our great & beloved Emperor’
New const
Why did N put forward a new const?
What was this done through?
What did it state?
To appeal to liberals
Acte Additional proclamation
Free elections & press
Const monarchy
2-chamber gov
What was the turn out of the plebiscite from N new const?
22% turn out
1.5 million yes
6,000 no
How big was the army N raised?
Who was this outnumbered by?
300,000
4thC
What was N tactic for defeating the 4thC during the hundred days?
Why?
Pick each army off individually with separate peace deals
Allies uncooperative with each other
When was the battle at Ligny?
Who won?
What did it prevent?
16 June 1815
N defeated Prussians
British (wellington’s army) & Prussian troops joining up
How was N victory at Ligny undermined?
Didn’t follow through on victory so Prussians pulled back in good order
What appended the same day as Ligny (16 June 1815)?
N attacked wellington at Quote Boos
Inconclusive
When was Waterloo?
What was wellington’s position?
18 June 1815
Good & his some of army behind hill
What turned the tide of the battle of Waterloo?
What was N forced to do?
Timely arrival of 81,000 Prussians late in afternoon
Defeated N
Retreat, even Imperial Guard
When did N abdicate?
Where?
Why?
Who did he promote as his successor?
22 June 1815
Paris
To avoid civil war
His son- rejected
Who did N surrender to?
When?
Why?
British
15 July 1815
Thought most generous
Where was N exiled to for the second time?
St Helena
Could see Corsica from island
When did N die?
What did he do during exile?
1821
Wrote memoirs, ‘heir of rev’, created legend
How did Louis XVIII return to France after the hundred days?
When did he return to Paris?
How was he welcomed?
In baggage train of the enemy
8 July
Thousands of Parisians greeted him as he entered
What did Louis’ proclamation of 26 June 1815 state?
Pardoned all those who served N during the hundred days
When was the 2nd peace of Paris?
How did it differ from the 1st?
Why?
Nov 1815
Rethought generous terms, more punitive
Bc of degree of support for N when he returned
How was the 2nd peace of Paris more punitive than the 1st?
French indemnity of 700 million livres
Return all looted artworks
Army occupation in France for 5 years or until payed indemnity, French had to pay for army
Which allies renewed their pledge after the 2nd peace of Paris?
Why?
Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
Preserve peace of Europe
Resident N or family attempts to re-enter France
What were Cordon Sanitaires?
When were they introduced?
Buffer states around France put in place by allies to contain France after 2nd peace of Paris
In the Vienna settlement
What was the Vienna settlement?
What was the settlement based on?
Settlement after 2nd peace of Paris
Conservative principles
Fear of the revolution
How was the rev pushed back after the 2nd peace of Paris?
Vienna settlement
