Chapter 24

Question 1

When did allied armies enter Paris?

Answer 1

April 1814

Question 2

Who invited Louis XVIII to take the throne?
What was this under the condition of?

Answer 2

Senate
Charter of 74 articles

Question 3

What did the charter of 74 articles guarantee?

Answer 3

Const with 2 chamber assembly
Fair taxation (controlled by chamber of deputies)
Equality before the law
Freedom of talent for careers
Abolish conscription
Pardon former revs
Relatively free press
Freedom of worship (but cath is state religion)
Owners of burns nationaux keep lands

Question 4

What were the 2 chamber assemblies in the charter of 74 articles?

Answer 4

Elected chamber of deputies
King appointed chapter of peers

Question 5

Where was Louis XVIII exiled?
When did he return?

Answer 5

Britain
May 3, 1814

Question 6

What preamble did Louis XVIII add to the charter?
What does this show?

Answer 6

Freedoms promised were his personal gift to the people not their rights
Belief in his Devine right

Question 7

When was the treaty of Paris signed?
Who drew it up?

Answer 7

30 May 1814
Allies

Question 8

What did the treaty of Paris state?
What countries did France loose?
What did it gain?

Answer 8

Allies would withdraw form France
France could keep looted paintings

Belgium, Holland, Italy, Germany
500,000 larger population than in 1790

Question 9

Who met to confirm & work out details of the treaty of Paris?
When?

Answer 9

Allies & french delegates
Nov 1814

Question 10

When did N escape Elba?
Where did he land?
What is this known as?

Answer 10

11 march 1815
South coast of France
The hundred days

Question 11

How many men did N have when he landed in France?
How did this increase?
What was significant about the Lyon’s rising?

Answer 11

> 1,000
Attracted large following as headed north

N hadn’t reached city yet
Rosina Gaines Bourbons

Question 12

Who signed the declaration when N escaped Elba?
When?
What did it state?

Answer 12

Major powers
13th march 1815
N an outlaw
Offered Louis assistance to resist N

Question 13

How were some supporters of N mislead during the hundred days?

Answer 13

On march north to Paris some led to believe N was summoned by allies

Question 14

By the time news of N escape reached Vienna, how many supporters did N have?

Answer 14

12,000

Question 15

What army defected to N on march 19?
What did Louis do?

Answer 15

Royal army stationed outside Paris
Fled to Ghent

Question 16

What was the ease with which N took power a reflection of?
Why?

Answer 16

Louis XVIII failure to win loyalty & respect
Army officers on 1/2 pay
L didn’t purge army of Bonapartists
High taxes, promises to reduce not met
Continued conscription
Unfounded rumours of biens nationaux given back to original owners

Question 17

Why was N able to take power back with ease?

Answer 17

Lack of loyalty & respect for Louis
N promises of peace
Press turned in N favour ‘our great & beloved Emperor’
New const

Question 18

Why did N put forward a new const?
What was this done through?
What did it state?

Answer 18

To appeal to liberals
Acte Additional proclamation

Free elections & press
Const monarchy
2-chamber gov

Question 19

What was the turn out of the plebiscite from N new const?

Answer 19

22% turn out
1.5 million yes
6,000 no

Question 20

How big was the army N raised?
Who was this outnumbered by?

Answer 20

300,000
4thC

Question 21

What was N tactic for defeating the 4thC during the hundred days?
Why?

Answer 21

Pick each army off individually with separate peace deals
Allies uncooperative with each other

Question 22

When was the battle at Ligny?
Who won?
What did it prevent?

Answer 22

16 June 1815
N defeated Prussians
British (wellington’s army) & Prussian troops joining up

Question 23

How was N victory at Ligny undermined?

Answer 23

Didn’t follow through on victory so Prussians pulled back in good order

Question 24

What appended the same day as Ligny (16 June 1815)?

Answer 24

N attacked wellington at Quote Boos
Inconclusive

Question 25

When was Waterloo?
What was wellington’s position?

Answer 25

18 June 1815
Good & his some of army behind hill

Question 26

What turned the tide of the battle of Waterloo?
What was N forced to do?

Answer 26

Timely arrival of 81,000 Prussians late in afternoon
Defeated N

Retreat, even Imperial Guard

Question 27

When did N abdicate?
Where?
Why?
Who did he promote as his successor?

Answer 27

22 June 1815
Paris
To avoid civil war
His son- rejected

Question 28

Who did N surrender to?
When?
Why?

Answer 28

British
15 July 1815
Thought most generous

Question 29

Where was N exiled to for the second time?

Answer 29

St Helena
Could see Corsica from island

Question 30

When did N die?
What did he do during exile?

Answer 30

1821
Wrote memoirs, ‘heir of rev’, created legend

Question 31

How did Louis XVIII return to France after the hundred days?
When did he return to Paris?
How was he welcomed?

Answer 31

In baggage train of the enemy
8 July
Thousands of Parisians greeted him as he entered

Question 32

What did Louis’ proclamation of 26 June 1815 state?

Answer 32

Pardoned all those who served N during the hundred days

Question 33

When was the 2nd peace of Paris?
How did it differ from the 1st?
Why?

Answer 33

Nov 1815
Rethought generous terms, more punitive
Bc of degree of support for N when he returned

Question 34

How was the 2nd peace of Paris more punitive than the 1st?

Answer 34

French indemnity of 700 million livres
Return all looted artworks
Army occupation in France for 5 years or until payed indemnity, French had to pay for army

Question 35

Which allies renewed their pledge after the 2nd peace of Paris?
Why?

Answer 35

Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
Preserve peace of Europe
Resident N or family attempts to re-enter France

Question 36

What were Cordon Sanitaires?
When were they introduced?

Answer 36

Buffer states around France put in place by allies to contain France after 2nd peace of Paris
In the Vienna settlement

Question 37

What was the Vienna settlement?
What was the settlement based on?

Answer 37

Settlement after 2nd peace of Paris

Conservative principles
Fear of the revolution

Question 38

How was the rev pushed back after the 2nd peace of Paris?

Answer 38

Vienna settlement