CHAPTER 9

Question 1

What are some causes of dysfunction in the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

Trauma or repeated stress (overuse), Structural imbalances of muscle or bone, congenital conditions, surgery and degenerative changes.

Question 2

What are three Overuse injuries?

Answer 2

1.Bursitis
- Inflammation of bursae (fluid-filled sacs that decrease
friction)
2. Tendinopathy
-Tendinitis (inflammation of the tendon)
-Tendinosis (degenerative changes from overuse)
3. Nerve entrapment
-Carpal tunnel for example
-Pressure on peripheral nerve from surrounding
structures

Question 3

What are three traumatic injuries?

Answer 3

1.Ligament sprain
- Overstretched
2.Fracture
- Bone breaks
3.Muscle strain
-Tear of muscle fiber

Question 4

What are two surgical conditions?

Answer 4

1. Total joint arthroplasty
    Replacement of joint with artificial surfaces
   2.Amputation
    Removal of part of entire limb

Question 5

What is a systems review?

Answer 5

The systems review includes a brief hands-on hands-on examination of the cardiovascular/pulmonary,
neuromuscular, and integumentary systems as well as gathering information on the patients cognition, communication,
and preferred learning style

Question 6

What is MMT and what scale does it use?

Answer 6

MMT is manual muscle testing, a test to determine the general strength of a muscle and determine its grade on a scale of 0 to 5

Question 7

What do functional tests do?

Answer 7

Assess abilities to perform ADL’s

Question 8

What are outcome measures?

Answer 8

Standardized tests that measure activity limitations or
participation restrictions

Question 9

What is palpation?

Answer 9

A touch to assess what is hapening below the skin

Question 10

What is an evaluation?

Answer 10

A clinical judgement based on the findings of an examination.

Question 11

What does an evaluation identify?

Answer 11

Impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions.

Question 12

What does a diagnosis provide?

Answer 12

A categorization of the findings

Question 13

The prognosis, or prediction of level of improvement, includes what three things.

Answer 13

Creating a POC, Short term goals like decreasing pain and increasing ROM. Long-term goals like achieving an optimal level of function.

Question 14

What are biophysical agents used for?

Answer 14

Used to manage pain, increase ROM, increase flexibility, increase strength, and wound healing.

Question 15

What are the three types of resistance exercises?

Answer 15

• Isometric: contraction against resistance with no movement
  at joint
• Isotonic: contraction with movement at joint (concentric =
  shortening; eccentric = lengthening)
• Isokinetic: constant speed