CHAPTER 10

Question 1

What is the leading cause of serious long-term disability in the United-States?

Answer 1

A Cerebrovascular accident (CVA). also called a stroke

Question 2

What is the most common symptom for a stroke?

Answer 2

Paralysis or partial weakness on the opposite side of the involved part of the brain. (Hemiparesis)

Question 3

What is the definition of a Traumatic Brain Injury? (TBI)

Answer 3

An alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology caused by an external force.

Question 4

What is the difference between a Focal injury and a Diffuse axonal injury?

Answer 4

A focal injury develops as a person’s head hits a stationary object, while a diffuse axonal injury is the widespread breakage of the long-term nerve axons in the brain generally caused by rapid acceleration and deceleration at the same time.

Question 5

What is the difference between tetraplegia and paraplegia?

Answer 5

Tetraplegia: trunk and all four limbs
Paraplegia: lower trunk and legs

Question 6

What is BPPV?

Answer 6

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Involved calcium crystals falling into semicircular canals.

Question 7

What causes parkinsons?

Answer 7

Deficiency of dopamine normally produced in the substantia nigra of the brain

Question 8

What are three symptoms of parkinsons?

Answer 8

-Tremors at rest (“pill rolling”)
-Rigidity (resistance to passive limb movement)
-Bradykinesia (slow movements)

Question 9

What is GBS and what does it do?

Answer 9

Guillan-Barre syndrome is an inflammatory process affecting peripheral motor and sensory nerves, often follows a viral infection. Generally after up to a year patients are able to walk again.

Question 10

What is ALS?

Answer 10

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrigs disease is a disease that causes the rapid degeneration of motor nerve cells. Survival time is generally 3 to 5 years.

Question 11

What is a Berg-Balancing scale

Answer 11

Static and Dynamic sitting and standing balance.

Question 12

What is receptive aphasia?

Answer 12

A patient exhibiting an inhibited ability to understand verbal or written communication.

Question 13

What is Muscle Tone?

Answer 13

An inherrent resistance in the muscles to passive stretching

Question 14

What are hypo and hypertonia?

Answer 14

Hypotonia- Too little muscle tone
Hypertonia- Too much muscle tone

Question 15

What is unilateral spacial neglect?

Answer 15

Inability to integrate sensory information from one side of the body

Question 16

What are recovery-based interventions?

Answer 16

Promote patients ability to perform tasks at level of premorbid performance

Question 17

What are compensatory interventions?

Answer 17

Promote successful task completion using movement
strategies or equipment that substitutes for weakness
or other impairments

Question 18

What is motor control?

Answer 18

Addresses how movement is organized and coordinated

Question 19

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 19

The brain and spinal cords ability to adapt and remodel themselves as they learn new behaviors and skills.

Question 20

What are some examples of principles that drive neuroplastic changes

Answer 20

-repetition
-training intensity
-specificity of action
-goal directed movement

Question 21

What are the stages of motor learning?

Answer 21

Cognitive stage- learn what to do
Associative Stage- refine the movement
Autonomous Stage- develop the skill