Chapter 9

Question 1

a need or desire that energies behavior and directs it towards a goal

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

——- theory attempts to explain behaviors that do NOT reduce physiological needs

Answer 2

Arousal theory

Question 3

With a challenging task, such as taking a difficult exam, performance is likely to Peak when arousal is

Answer 3

Moderate

Question 4

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, our most basic needs are physiological, including the need for food and water; just above these are ——- needs.

Answer 4

Safety

Question 5

According to the concept of set point, our body maintains itself at a
particular weight level.
This weight thermostat is
an example of

Answer 5

Homeostasis

Question 6

What is a genetically predisposed response to food?

Answer 6

A preference for sweet and salty

Question 7

The blood sugar —— provides the body with energy. When it is. ——, we feel hungry.

Answer 7

Glucose, low

Question 8

The rate at which your body expends energy while at rest, is it referred to as the

Answer 8

Basal metabolic rate

Question 9

Obese people find it very difficult to lose weight permanently. This is due to several factors, including the fact that

Answer 9

There is a genetic influence on body weight.

Question 10

The ——- - ——-theory of emotion maintains a physiological responses happens before we know what we are feeling.

Answer 10

James-Lange

Question 11

Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship request has been approved. The two-factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will be.

Answer 11

Intensify your happiness.

Question 12

Zajonc and LeDoux maintain that some emotional reactions occur before we have had a chance to label and interpret them. Lazarus disagreed. These psychologist differ about whether emotional responses occur in the absence of

Answer 12

Cognitive processing

Question 13

When people are induced to assume
fearful expressions, they often
report feeling a little fear.
This result is known
as the

Answer 13

Facial feedback effect

Question 14

How do two divisions of the autonomic nervous system affect our emotional responses?

Answer 14

The sympathetic division of the ANS arouses us for more intense experiences of emotion, pumping our stress hormones to prepare our body for fight-or-flight. The parasympathetic division of the ANS takes over when a crisis passes, restoring our body to a calm physiological and emotional state.

Question 15

Schacter and Singer’s theory that to experience emotion we
must (1) be physically aroused
and (2) cognitively label
arousal

Answer 15

Two-factor theory

Question 16

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Answer 16

Cannon-Bard theory

Question 17

A response of the whole organism, involving (1) body arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Answer 17

Emotion

Question 18

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of a physiological response to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Answer 18

James-Lange theory

Question 19

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs. These basic needs must be satisfied before high-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active.

Answer 19

Hierarchy of needs

Question 20

Positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 20

Incentive

Question 21

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates us to satisfy the need

Answer 21

Drive-reduction theory