Chapter 11 Flashcards
Freud believed that we may block painful or unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, or memories from consciousness through an unconscious process, called
Repression
Freud propose that the development of “the voice of conscious” is related to the ———, which internalizes ideals, and provide standards for judgments.
Superego
Freud believe that defense mechanisms are unconscious
attempts to sort or disguise reality, all in an effort to reduce our
Anxiety
——- test asked testtakers to respond to an ambiguous stimulus, for example, by describing it, or telling a story about it.
Projective
In general neo-Freudians such as Alder and Horney accept d many of Floyd’s views but place more emphasis that he did on
Social interactions
What are the contemporary views of the unconscious?
-schemas that influence our perceptions and interactions
-parallel processing that occurs without our conscious knowledge
-instantly activated emotions and implicit memories of learn skills
The total acceptance Rogers as part of the growth-promoting environment is called
Unconditional positive regard
The ——- theory of personality focuses on describing characteristic behavior patterns, such as agreeableness or extraversion.
Trait
What are the Big Five personality factors?
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (emotional stability v. instability)
Openness
Extraversion
Critics say that ——- - ——— personality theory is very sensitive to an Individuals interactions with particular situations, but that it gives two little attention to the persons enduring traits.
social-cognitive
Researchers have found that low self-esteem tends to be linked with life problems. How should this link be interpreted?
The answer is in clear because the link is correlational, and does not indicate cause-and-effect.
The tendency to accept responsibility for success and blame circumstances or bad luck for failure is called
self-serving bias
The tendency to overestimate others’ attention to an evaluation of our appearance, performance and blunders is called
spotlight effect
—— self-esteem correlates with aggressive and antisocial behavior.
Defensive
——- self-esteem is a healthier self image that allows us to focus beyond ourselves and enjoy a higher quality of life.
Secure
Giving priority to the goals of our group (often are extended family or work group) and defining our identity accordingly.
Collectivism
Our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably
Self-serving bias
Giving priority to our own goals over group goals in defining our identity in terms of personal traits rather than group membership
Individualism
According to the social cognitive perspective, what is the best way to predict a persons future behavior?
Examine the persons past behavior patterns in similar situations.
Your image and understanding of who you are; in modern psychology, the idea that this is the center of personality, organizing
your thoughts, feelings, and actions.
Self
Our feelings of high or low self worth
Self-esteem
The interacting influence of behavior, internal personal factors, and environment.
reciprocal determinism
Views behavior and influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social contexts.
Social-cognitive perspective
Our sense of competence and effectiveness.
Self-efficacy
A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.
Personality inventory
A cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together
Factor
A characteristic pattern of behavior or tendency to feel and act in a certain way, as assessed by self-reports on a personality test.
Trait
Which two primary dimensions did Hans and Sybil Eysenck propose for describing personality variation?
Introversion-extraversion and emotional stability-instability
According to Rogers, and attitude of total acceptance towards another person
Unconditional positive regard
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “who am I?”
Self-concept
According to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose be on the shelf.
Self-transcendence
According to Maslow, the psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; motivation to fulfill our potential.
Self-actualization
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active.
Hierarchy of needs
Which elements of traditional psychoanalysis do modern-day psychodynamic theorist and therapists retain, and which elements have they mostly left behind?
Today’s psychodynamic theories still tend to focus on childhood experiences and attachments, unresolved conflicts, and unconscious influences. However, they are not likely to focus on fixation at any psychosexual stage, or the idea that sexual issues influence our personality.
What are three values that Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory has contributed?
- The importance of childhood experiences.
- The existence of the unconscious mind.
- Our self protective defense mechanisms.
What are three ways in which Floyd’s work has been criticized?
- Not scientifically testable.-drawing on after the fact, explanations
- Focusing too much on sexual complex in childhood.
- Based upon the idea of repression, which has not been supported by modern research..
The most widely used projective test; a set of 10 ink blots, designed by Herman Rorschach; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing there interpretations of the blots.
Rorschach inkblot test
A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides an unclear image designed to trigger projection of the test-taker’s unconscious thoughts or feelings.
Projective test
