Chapter 11

Question 1

Freud believed that we may block painful or unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, or memories from consciousness through an unconscious process, called

Answer 1

Repression

Question 2

Freud propose that the development of “the voice of conscious” is related to the ———, which internalizes ideals, and provide standards for judgments.

Answer 2

Superego

Question 3

Freud believe that defense mechanisms are unconscious
attempts to sort or disguise reality, all in an effort to reduce our

Answer 3

Anxiety

Question 4

——- test asked testtakers to respond to an ambiguous stimulus, for example, by describing it, or telling a story about it.

Answer 4

Projective

Question 5

In general neo-Freudians such as Alder and Horney accept d many of Floyd’s views but place more emphasis that he did on

Answer 5

Social interactions

Question 6

What are the contemporary views of the unconscious?

Answer 6

-schemas that influence our perceptions and interactions
-parallel processing that occurs without our conscious knowledge
-instantly activated emotions and implicit memories of learn skills

Question 7

The total acceptance Rogers as part of the growth-promoting environment is called

Answer 7

Unconditional positive regard

Question 8

The ——- theory of personality focuses on describing characteristic behavior patterns, such as agreeableness or extraversion.

Answer 8

Trait

Question 9

What are the Big Five personality factors?

Answer 9

Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (emotional stability v. instability)
Openness
Extraversion

Question 10

Critics say that ——- - ——— personality theory is very sensitive to an Individuals interactions with particular situations, but that it gives two little attention to the persons enduring traits.

Answer 10

social-cognitive

Question 11

Researchers have found that low self-esteem tends to be linked with life problems. How should this link be interpreted?

Answer 11

The answer is in clear because the link is correlational, and does not indicate cause-and-effect.

Question 12

The tendency to accept responsibility for success and blame circumstances or bad luck for failure is called

Answer 12

self-serving bias

Question 13

The tendency to overestimate others’ attention to an evaluation of our appearance, performance and blunders is called

Answer 13

spotlight effect

Question 14

—— self-esteem correlates with aggressive and antisocial behavior.

Answer 14

Defensive

Question 15

——- self-esteem is a healthier self image that allows us to focus beyond ourselves and enjoy a higher quality of life.

Answer 15

Secure

Question 16

Giving priority to the goals of our group (often are extended family or work group) and defining our identity accordingly.

Answer 16

Collectivism

Question 17

Our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

Answer 17

Self-serving bias

Question 18

Giving priority to our own goals over group goals in defining our identity in terms of personal traits rather than group membership

Answer 18

Individualism

Question 19

According to the social cognitive perspective, what is the best way to predict a persons future behavior?

Answer 19

Examine the persons past behavior patterns in similar situations.

Question 20

Your image and understanding of who you are; in modern psychology, the idea that this is the center of personality, organizing
your thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Answer 20

Self

Question 21

Our feelings of high or low self worth

Answer 21

Self-esteem

Question 22

The interacting influence of behavior, internal personal factors, and environment.

Answer 22

reciprocal determinism

Question 23

Views behavior and influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social contexts.

Answer 23

Social-cognitive perspective

Question 24

Our sense of competence and effectiveness.

Answer 24

Self-efficacy

Question 25

A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits.

Answer 25

Personality inventory

Question 26

A cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together

Answer 26

Factor

Question 27

A characteristic pattern of behavior or tendency to feel and act in a certain way, as assessed by self-reports on a personality test.

Answer 27

Trait

Question 28

Which two primary dimensions did Hans and Sybil Eysenck propose for describing personality variation?

Answer 28

Introversion-extraversion and emotional stability-instability

Question 29

According to Rogers, and attitude of total acceptance towards another person

Answer 29

Unconditional positive regard

Question 30

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, “who am I?”

Answer 30

Self-concept

Question 31

According to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose be on the shelf.

Answer 31

Self-transcendence

Question 32

According to Maslow, the psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; motivation to fulfill our potential.

Answer 32

Self-actualization

Question 33

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs; at the base are physiological needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety needs, and then psychological needs, become active.

Answer 33

Hierarchy of needs

Question 34

Which elements of traditional psychoanalysis do modern-day psychodynamic theorist and therapists retain, and which elements have they mostly left behind?

Answer 34

Today’s psychodynamic theories still tend to focus on childhood experiences and attachments, unresolved conflicts, and unconscious influences. However, they are not likely to focus on fixation at any psychosexual stage, or the idea that sexual issues influence our personality.

Question 35

What are three values that Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory has contributed?

Answer 35

1. The importance of childhood experiences.
2. The existence of the unconscious mind.
3. Our self protective defense mechanisms.

Question 36

What are three ways in which Floyd’s work has been criticized?

Answer 36

1. Not scientifically testable.-drawing on after the fact, explanations
2. Focusing too much on sexual complex in childhood.
3. Based upon the idea of repression, which has not been supported by modern research..

Question 37

The most widely used projective test; a set of 10 ink blots, designed by Herman Rorschach; seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing there interpretations of the blots.

Answer 37

Rorschach inkblot test

Question 38

A personality test, such as the Rorschach, that provides an unclear image designed to trigger projection of the test-taker’s unconscious thoughts or feelings.

Answer 38

Projective test