Chapter 10

Question 1

Relative Deprivation Principle

Answer 1

Philosopher observed that we cannot escape envy, because there will always be someone more successful, more accomplished, or rich with whom to compare ourselves. In psychology, this observation is embodied in the relative deprivation principle.

Question 2

When elderly patients take an active part in managing their own care and surroundings, their morale and health tend to improve. Such findings indicate that people do better when they experience an

Answer 2

Internal locus control

Question 3

When faced with a situation over what you feel you have no control, it is most effective to use

Answer 3

Emotion-focused coping

Question 4

Stress hormones released in response to the signal from the brain suppress ——-, the immune cells, that ordinarily attacks, bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other foreign substances.

Answer 4

Lymphocytes

Question 5

Selye’s General adaptation syndrome consists of an alarm reaction, followed by ——— then ———-

Answer 5

Resistance; exhaustion

Question 6

—- and —— do NOT effectively predict happiness levels.

Answer 6

Age and Gender

Question 7

The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare selves

Answer 7

Relative deprivation

Question 8

Our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our past experiences

Answer 8

Adaptation-level phenomenon

Question 9

The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress, and recover from adversity and even trauma

Answer 9

Resilience

Question 10

What are some of the tactics that help people manage stress they cannot avoid?

Answer 10

Aerobic exercise, relaxation procedures, mindfulness meditation, and religious engagement.

Question 11

Attending to current experiences in a non-judgmental, and excepting matter

Answer 11

Mindfulness meditation

Question 12

The perception that we control our own fate

Answer 12

Internal locus of control

Question 13

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Answer 13

External locus of control

Question 14

To cope with stress, we tend to use ——-focused strategies when we feel in control of our world.

Answer 14

Problem

Question 15

When we believe we cannot change the situation, we may try to relieve stress with——— focus strategies.

Answer 15

Emotion

Question 16

Attempting to reduce stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction.

Answer 16

Emotion-focused coping

Question 17

Attempting to reduce stress directly-by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor.

Answer 17

Problem-focused coping

Question 18

Reducing stress using emotional, cognitive or behavioral methods.

Answer 18

Coping

Question 19

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Answer 19

Personal control

Question 20

Hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or a person learns when an able to avoid repeated adverse events.

Answer 20

Learned helplessness

Question 21

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people.

Answer 21

Type A

Question 22

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Answer 22

Type B

Question 23

——— focuses on mind-body interactions, including the effects of psychological, neural, and endocrine functioning on the immune system and overall health.

Answer 23

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 24

Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and six support from others (befriend).

Answer 24

Tend-and-befriend response

Question 25

When alerted to a negative uncontrollable event our ——- nervous system arouses us.

Answer 25

Sympathetic

Question 26

The bodies adaptive response to stress in three stages -alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Answer 26

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)