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Music Appreciation > Chapter 9-13 > Flashcards

Chapter 9-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Instrument

A

Mechanism that generates musical vibrations and transmits them into the air.

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2
Q

Register

A

Specific area in the range of an instrument or voice.

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3
Q

Soprano

A

Highest ranged voice, normally possessed by women and boys.

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4
Q

Mezzo-Soprano

A

Mezzo soprano is a female voice of middle range.

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5
Q

Alto

A

Lowest of female voices. Also Contralto

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6
Q

Tenor

A

Male voice of high range. Also a part, often structural, in polyphony.

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7
Q

Baritone

A

Baritone is a male voice of moderately low range.

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8
Q

Bass

A

Lowest of the male voices.

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9
Q

Vibrato

A

Small fluctuation of pitch used as an expressive device to intensify a sound.

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10
Q

Aerophone

A

Instruments such as flutes, whistles, or horns that produce sound by using air as the primary vibrating means.

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11
Q

Chordophone

A

Instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string stretched between two points; the string may be set in motion by bowing, striking, or plucking.
Violins or guitars

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12
Q

Idiophones

A

Instrument that produces sound from the substance of the instrument itself being struck, blown, shaken, scraped, or rubbed.
Examples include bells, rattles, xylophones, and cymbals.

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13
Q

Membranophone

A

Any instrument that produces sound from tightly stretched membranes that can be struck.
Drums

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14
Q

Bow/Bowing

A

A slightly curved stick with hair or fibers attached at both ends, drawn over the strings of an instrument to set them in motion.

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15
Q

Pluck/Plucking

A

To sound the string of an instrument using fingers or a plectrum or pick.

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16
Q

Double

A

To perform the same notes with more than one voice or instrument, either at the same pitch level or an octave higher or lower.

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17
Q

Legato

A

Smooth and connected, opposite of staccato.

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18
Q

Staccato

A

Short, detached notes, marked with a dot above them.

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19
Q

Pizzicato

A

Performance direction to pluck a string of a bowed instrument with the finger.

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20
Q

Vibrato

A

Small fluctuation of pitch, used as an expressive device to intensify a sound.

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21
Q

Glissando

A

A rapid slide through pitches of a scale.

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22
Q

Tremolo

A

Rapid repetition of a note, can be achieved instrumentally or vocally.

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23
Q

Double-Stopping

A

Playing two notes simultaneously on a string instrument.

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24
Q

Triple and Quadruple-Stopping

A

Playing three or four strings together.

25
Q

Mute

A

Mechanical device used to muffle the sound of an instrument.

26
Q

Harmonies

A

Individual, pure sounds that are part of any musical tone; in string instruments, crystalline pitches in the very high register, produced by lightly touching a vibrating string at a certain point.

27
Q

Arpeggio

A

Broken chord in which the individual pitches are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously.

28
Q

Embouchure

A

The placement of the lips, lower facial muscle, and jaws in playing in a wind instruments.

29
Q

Chorus

A

Fairy large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work. In jazz, a single statement of a melodic-harmonic pattern.

30
Q

Choir

A

A group of singers who perform together, usually in parts, with several on each part; often associated with a church.

31
Q

SATB

A

Abbreviation for the standard voices in a chorus or choir; Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass; may also refer to instrumental ranges.

32
Q

A Cappella/A Capella

A

Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment.

Meaning “In the chapel”

33
Q

Chamber Music

A

Ensemble music for up to about ten (10) players, with one (1) player to a part.

34
Q

String Quartets

A

Chamber music ensemble consisting of two violins, violas, and cello. Also a multi-movement composition for this ensemble.

35
Q

Duo Sonata (Soloist with Piano)

A

A chamber group comprised of a soloist with piano. Also in Baroque period, a sonata for a melody instrument and a basso continuo.

36
Q

Piano Trio

A

Standard chamber ensemble of piano with violin and cello.

37
Q

Piano Quartet

A

Standard chamber ensemble of piano with violin, viola, and cello.

38
Q

Piano Quintet

A

Standard chamber ensemble of piano with string quarter (two violins, viola, and cello).

39
Q

String Quintet

A

Standard chamber ensemble made up of either two violins, two violas, and cello or two violins, viola, and two cellos.

40
Q

Sextet

A

Chamber music for six instruments or voices.

41
Q

Septet

A

Chamber music for seven instruments or voices.

42
Q

Octet

A

Chamber music for eight instruments or voices.

43
Q

Brass Quintets

A

Standard chamber ensemble made up of two trumpets, horn, trombone, and tuba.

44
Q

Symphony Orchestra

A

Performing group of diverse instruments in various cultures; in western art music, as ensemble of multiple strings with various woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments.

45
Q

Band

A

A Variety of ensembles, most of which rely on winds and percussion.

46
Q

Wind/Concert Band

A

Instrumental ensemble ranging from forty to eighty members or more, consisting of wind and percussion instruments. Also Concert Band

47
Q

Marching Band

A

Instrumental ensemble for entertainment at sports events and parades, consisting of wind and percussion instruments, drum majors/majorettes, and baton twirlers.

48
Q

Jazz Band

A

Instrument ensemble made up of reed (saxophones and clarinets), brass (trumpets and trombones), and rhythm sections (percussion, piano, double bass, and sometimes guitar).

49
Q

Rock Band

A

A style of popular music with roots in rock-and-roll but differing in lyric content, recording techniques, song length and form, and range of sounds. The term was first used in the 1960s to distinguish groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones from other artists.

50
Q

Baton

A

A thin stick, usually painted white, used by a conductor.

51
Q

Concertmaster

A

The first-chair violinist of a symphony orchestra.

52
Q

Fugue

A

Polyphonic from popular in the Baroque era, in which one or more themes are developed by imitative counterpoint.

53
Q

Genre

A

General term describing the standard category and overall character of a work.

54
Q

Symphony

A

Large work of orchestra, generally in three or four movements.

55
Q

Medium

A

Performing forces employed in a certain musical work.

56
Q

Opus Number

A

A number, often part of the title of a piece, designating the work in chronological relationship to other works by the same composer.

57
Q

Oral Transmission

A

Music that is transmitted by example or imitation and performed from memory.

58
Q

Style

A

Characteristic manner of the presentation of musical elements (melody, rhythm, harmony, dynamics, form, etc.)

59
Q

Conductor

A

Person who, by means of gestures, leads performances of music ensembles, especially orchestras, bands, or choruses.
Beats patterns with a baton to help performers keep the same tempo

Music Appreciation (19 decks)

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