Chapter 56-61 Vocabulary

Question 1

Work song

Answer 1

A communal song that synchronized group tasks.

Question 2

Ring shout(s)

Answer 2

Religious dance of African American slaves, performed with hand clapping and a shuffle step to spirituals.

Question 3

Spirituals

Answer 3

A folklike devotional genre of the United States, sung by African Americans and whites.

Question 4

Blue note(s)

Answer 4

A slight drop of pitch on the third, fifth, or seventh note on the scale, common in blues and jazz. Also bent pitch.

Question 5

New Orleans jazz

Answer 5

Early jazz style characterized by multiple improvisations in an ensemble or cornet (or trumpet), clarinet (or saxophone), trombone, piano, double bass (or tuba), banjo (or guitar), and drums; repertory included blues, ragtime, and popular songs.

Question 6

Scat-singing

Answer 6

A jazz style that sets syllables without meaning (vocables) to an improvised vocal line.

Question 7

Chorus

Answer 7

A fairly large group of singers who perform together, usually with several on each part. Also a choral movement of a large-scale work. In jazz, a single statement of the melodic-harmonic pattern.

Question 8

Big-band era

Answer 8

The mid-1930s to the mid-1940s, when swing was the most popular music in the United States. Important musicians of the era were Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Benny Goodman.

Question 9

Swing

Answer 9

A jazz term coined to describe Louis Armstrong’s style; more commonly refers to big-band jazz.

Question 10

Bebop (also bop)

Answer 10

Complex jazz style developed in the 1940s.

Question 11

Cool jazz

Answer 11

A laid back style characterized by dense harmonies, lowered levels of volume, moderate tempos, and a new lyricism.

Question 12

West Coast jazz

Answer 12

A small group, cool jazz style featuring mixed timbres and contrapuntal improvisations.