Chapter 9

Question 1

GROUP

Answer 1

2 or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives.

Question 2

FORMAL GROUP

Answer 2

a designated work group defined by an organization’s structure.

Question 3

INFORMAL GROUP

Answer 3

a group that is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined: such a group appears in response to the need for social contact.

Question 4

SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY

Answer 4

perspective that considers when and why individuals consider themselves members of groups; people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self- esteem gets tied into the performance of said group. Ex. sports fans with the lose of a big game

Question 5

FIVE STAGE GROUP DEVELOPMENT MODEL

Answer 5

the 5 distinct stages groups go through are: forming, storming norming, performing and adjourning

Question 6

FORMING STAGE

Answer 6

1st stage of group development characterized by a lot of uncertainty

Question 7

STORMING STAGE

Answer 7

2nd stage of group development characterized by intragroup conflict

Question 8

NORMING STAGE

Answer 8

3rd stage of group development characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness.

Question 9

PERFORMING STAGE

Answer 9

4th stage of group development during which the group is fully functional

Question 10

ADJOURNING STAGE

Answer 10

the final stage of group development for temporary groups, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance.

Question 11

PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM MODEL

Answer 11

a set of phases that temporary groups go through that involve transitions between inertia and activity.

Question 12

ROLE PERCEPTION

Answer 12

an individual’s view of how he or she is supposed to act in a given situation. (GROUP PROPERTY 1)

Question 13

ROLE EXPECTATIONS

Answer 13

how others believe a person should act in a given situation (GROUP PROPERTY 1)

Question 14

NORMS

Answer 14

acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group’s members. (GROUP PROPERTY 2)

Question 15

DEVIANT WORKPLACE BEHAVIOR

Answer 15

voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and, in so doing, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members. Also called antisocial behavior or workplace incivility

Question 16

ROLE CONFLICT

Answer 16

a situation in which an individual is confronted by divergent role expectations (GROUP PROPERTY 1)

Question 17

ROLE PLAY AND ASSIMIILATION

Answer 17

the degree to which we comply with our role perceptions and expectations even when we don’t agree with them, i.e., the Stanford prison experiment (GROUP PROPERTY 1)

Question 18

ROLE PLAY AND ASSIMIILATION

Answer 18

the degree to which we comply with our role perceptions and expectations even when we don’t agree with them, i.e., the Stanford prison experiment

Question 19

CONFORMITY

Answer 19

(GROUP PROPERTY 2) the adjustment of one’s behavior to align with the norms of the group; AsCh Study- rather be wrong and part of the group than be right and be alone

Question 20

STATUS

Answer 20

(GROUP PROPERTY 3) a socially defined position or rank given to groups of group members by others; equity- important for group members to believe the status hierarchy is equitable

Question 21

SIZE

Answer 21

(GROUP PROPERTY 4) Social Loafing in larger groups

Question 22

COHESIVENESS

Answer 22

(GROUP PROPERTY 5) the degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group

Question 23

DIVERSITY

Answer 23

(GROUP PROPERTY 6) the extent to which members of a group are similar to, or different from, one another; can take a toll on cohesiveness in the beginning

Question 24

GROUPTHINK

Answer 24

a phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of actions; group agreeing on the dominant view, generally the leader’s view, without any discussion or conflict

Question 25

GROUP SHIFT

Answer 25

a change between a group’s decision and an individual decision that a member within the group would make; the shift can be toward wither conservatism or greater risk but generally is a more extreme version of the group’s original position. Ex. riots

Question 26

INGROUPS

Answer 26

favoritism occurs when we see members of our group as better than other people not in our group as all the same

Question 27

OUTGROUP

Answer 27

which is sometimes everyone not in the ingroup, but usually an identified group known by the ingroup member

Question 28

LARGE GROUPS

Answer 28

good for gaining diverse input, fact finding, or idea generating (12 or more)

Question 29

SMALL GROUPS

Answer 29

better doing something with productivity (output) (7 members or less)

Question 30

GROUP DECISION MAKING STRENGTHS

Answer 30

more complete information and knowledge
increased diversity of views
increased acceptance of solutions

Question 31

GROUP DECISION MAKING WEAKNESSES

Answer 31

time consuming
conformity pressures
dominance of few members`

Question 32

GROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES

Answer 32

takes place in interacting groups
brainstorming (sometimes good; sometimes bad)
nominal group technique restricts discussion