Chapter 7

Question 1

MOTIVATION

Answer 1

the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal

Question 2

HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

Answer 2

Abraham Maslow- physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization- in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.

Question 3

LOWER ORDER NEEDS

Answer 3

needs that are satisfied externally, such as physiological and safety needs.

Question 4

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Answer 4

the drive to become what a person can become.

Question 5

HIGHER-ORDER NEEDS

Answer 5

needs that are satisfied internally such as social, esteem and self-actualization needs.

Question 6

THEORY X

Answer 6

the assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform.

Question 7

THEORY Y

Answer 7

the assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction

Question 8

HYGIENE FACTORS

Answer 8

factors – such as company policy, and administration, supervision, and salary – that, when adequate in a job, placates workers. when these factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied.

Question 9

MCCLELLAND’S THEORY OF NEEDS

Answer 9

a theory that states achievement, power and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation. (Power has subordinates, affiliation = friends, high achievers perform best with 50/50 probability of success)

Question 10

COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY.

Answer 10

a version of self-determination theory which holds that allocating extrinsic rewards for behavior that had been previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease the overall level of motivation if the rewards are seen as controlling

Question 11

SELF-CONCORDANCE

Answer 11

the degree to which peoples’ reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values.

Question 12

MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES [MBO]

Answer 12

a program that encompasses specific goals, participatively set for an explicit time period, with feedback on goal progress.

Question 13

DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE

Answer 13

perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.

Question 14

ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION

Answer 14

Intensity
Direction
Persistence of effort toward attaining a goal

Question 15

SELF DETERMINATION THEORY

Answer 15

proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions; people paid for work feel less like they want to do it and morel like they have to

Question 16

JOB ENGAGEMENT

Answer 16

the investment of an employee’s physical, cognitive, and emotional energies into job performance

Question 17

GOAL SETTING THEORY

Answer 17

specific goals increase performance; difficult goals, when accepted, result in higher performance than easy goals`

Question 18

SELF EFFICACY THEORY

Answer 18

an individual’s belief that they are capable of performing a task
Vicarious modeling

Question 19

ENACTIVE MASTERY

Answer 19

experience (self efficacy theory)

Question 20

VICARIOUS MODELING

Answer 20

watched task done by someone else (self efficacy theory)

Question 21

VERBAL PERSUASSION

Answer 21

told you can do it (self efficacy theory)

Question 22

AROUSAL

Answer 22

you know you can do it (self efficacy theory)

Question 23

EQUITY THEORY

Answer 23

fairness; how much you get from a company vs how much you put in

Question 24

EXPECTANCY THEORY

Answer 24

effort –> performance –> rewards –> goals
effort- performance
performance- rewards
rewards- goals

Question 25

REINFORCEMENT THEORY

Answer 25

suggests that behavior is a function of its consequences; reward and punishment

Question 26

TWO FACTOR THEORY

Answer 26

theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction aka motivation-hygiene theory

Question 27

MOTIVATION FACTORS

Answer 27

achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth