Chapter 9 & 11 Test Flashcards
What type of relationship does mAs have with exposure reaching the IR?
a.) inverse
b.) direct
c.) inverse proportional
d.) direct proportional
d.) direct proportional
The greatest detail sharpness is obtained by using
1.) a small focal spot
2.) the longest SID
3.) the smallest OID
4.) longer exposure times
a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b.) 1 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 4 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
Factors that can impact image resolution include:
1.) patient factors
2.) focal spot size
3.) SID
a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1 only
a.) 1, 2 and 3
Brightness and contrast are considered ____________ factors, while spatial resolution and distortion are considered ___________ factors.
a.) gray scale; FSS
b.) FSS; gray scale
c.) sharpness; visibility
d.) visibility; sharpness
d.) visibility; sharpness
All of the following are related to spatial resolution except:
a.) focal spot size
b.) SID
c.) OID
d.) millamperage
d.) milliamperage
A radiograph is made using a 40’’ SID resulting in an intensity of 0.02 mGy. What will be the intensity if a second image is taken at a 72’’ SID?
a.) 0.006 mGy
b.) 0.0025 mGy
c.) 0.0032
d.) 0.06 mGy
a.) 0.006mGy
Increasing mAs ___________ beam quantity.
increases
increasing kvp ___________ beam quantity.
increases
increasing distance __________ beam quanitity.
decreases
increasing filtration ___________ beam quantity.
decreases
increasing filtration _________ beam quality.
increases
increasing mAs ____________ beam quality.
does not change
increasing intensity __________ beam quality.
does not change
increasing kvp ___________ beam penetrability.
increases
The range of expousure intensities an image receptor can detect is:
a.) contrast
b.) DQE
c.) dynamic range
d.) density
c.) dynamic range
Dimensions of an anatomical area displayed on a monitor describes:
a.) DQE
b.) EI number
c.) FOV
d.) MTF
c.) FOV
Of the following options, the only way to decresae quantam noise is to:
1.) increasing kv
2.) increasing mas
3.) decreasing kv
4.) decreasing mas
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 2 and 3only
c.) 3 and 4 only
d.) 1 and 4 only
a.) 1 and 2 only
The overall quality of the radiographic image is determined by:
a.) all are correct
b.) sharpness
c.) visibility of anatomic structures
d.) accuracy of structural lines
a.) all are correct
The amount of light emitted from the display monitor is:
a.) brightness
b.) noise
c.) contrast resolution
d.) spatial resolution
a.) brightness
High contrast will demonstrate ____________ gray area, or a _____________ scale of contrast on an image.
a.) long
b.) many
c.) short
d.) few
c.) short
d.) few
What is the term thats used to evaluate accuracy of anatomical structural lines?
a.) spatial resolution
b.) DQE
c.) contrast resolution
d.) bit depth
a.) spatial resolution
Minimizing size distortion is accomplished by which of the following?
1.) using the longest feasible SID
2.) using the shortest possible OID
3.) decreasing the angle of the CR
4.) placing the part as close to the IR as possible
a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 4
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1, 2 and 4
If a grid is not available, what other method could help reduce excessive scatter to the IR?
a.) shortening SID
b.) air gap
c.) shortening SOD
d.) increasing kvp
b.) air gap
as mas increases, quality:
a.) increases by a factor of 4
b.) decreases
c.) increases
d.) is unaffected
d.) is unaffected
In digital imaging, brightness is primarily controlled by:
1.) IR exposure
2.) monitor functions
3.) post processing functions
a.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 2 and 3 only
Digital image quality is improved with:
a.) larger matrix size
b.) increased tissue density
c.) smaller pixel bit depths
d.) larger pixel size
a.) larger matrix size
Out of the following factors, which set will provide the least amount of receptor exposure?
a.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid
b.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 72’’ SID, large FSS, no grid
c.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid
d.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 40’’ SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid
c.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid
As kvp increases, scatter radiation will:
a.) remain unchanged
b.) decrease because of less photoelectric interaction
c.) increase becuase of more compton interactions
d.) decrease beacause of less compton interactions
c.) increase because of more compton interactions
A radiograph that has densities that are very similar to each other:
a.) has high contrast
b.) has few shades of gray
c.) has low contrast
d.) has short scale contrast
c.) has low contrast
Resolution is typically measured in:
a.) line pairs per meter
b.) line pairs per foot
c.) line pairs per millimeter
d.) line pairs per inch
c.) line pairs per millimeter
A measurement of the efficiency of an image in converting xray exposure to a quality image describes:
a.) FOV
b.) MTF
c.) dynamic range
d.) DQE
d.) DQE
What are the effects of scatter radiation on a radiographic image?
1.) it produces fog
2.) it increases contrast
3.) it decreases recorded detail
4.) it increases noise
a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1 and 4 only
d.) 1 only
d.) 1 only
A radiograph of the shoulder is produced using 12 mas and 75 kvp at the wall bucky. how could the technique be changed to increase contrast by lowering kvp while maintaining the receptor exposure?
a.) 10 mas @ 150 kvp
b.) 6 mas @ 64 kvp
c.) 24 mas @ 64 kvp
d.) 12 mas @ 87 kvp
c.) 24 mas @ 64 kvp
Spatial resolution can be improved by decreasing:
1.) the SID
2.) the OID
3.) patient/part motion
a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 2 and 3 only
An increase in total filtration of the xray beam will decrease:
a.) the average energy of the xray beam
b.) IR exposure
c.) beam HVL
d.) image quality
b.) IR exposure
A particular radiograph was produced using 12 mas and 85 kvp with a 16:1 ratio grid. The radiograph is to be repeated using an 8:1 ratio grid. what should be the new milliampere-seconds value?
a.) 3
b.) 8
c.) 10
d.) 6
b.) 8
good collimation practices will do all of the following except:
a.) decrease radiation dose
b.) reduce visibility of recorded detail
c.) affect the amount of scatter that reaches the IR
d.) all choices are correct
b.) reduce visibility of recorded detail
Foreshortening can be caused by :
a.) excessive angle of the tube to the IR
b.) excessive distance between the object and the IR
c.) insufficient distance between the focus and the IR
d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR
d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR
Appropriate scatter radiation control methods include which of the following?
1.) tight collimation
2.) lead masking at the edge of the exposure field
3.) appropriate use of a grid
4.) increasing FOV
5.) using an air gap method
a.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
b.) 2, 3 and 5 only
c.) 1, 2 and 4 only
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
Out of the followign factors, which set will provide the greatest amount of spatial resolution?
a.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 3’’ OID, 40’’ SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid
b.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 10’’ OID, 72’’ SID, large FSS, no grid
c.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 2’’ OID, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid
d.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 6’’ OID, 72” SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid
c.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 2’’ OID, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid
An image demonstrating many brightness levels or shades of gray is said to posses:
1.) long scale contrast
2.) low constrast
3.) short scale contrast
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 2 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
Aluminum filtration has its greatest efeect on:
a.) high energy xray photons
b.) low energy xray photons
c.) high energy scattered photons
d.) low enrgy scattered photons
b.) low energy xray photons
Which of the following matrixes will produce the greatest SR?
a.) 2048x2048
b.) 1056x1056
c.) 512x512
d.) 256x256
a.) 2048x2048
Methods that help to reduce the production of scattered radiation include using:
1.) decreasing FOV
2.) beam restriciton
3.) a grid
a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
A lateral lumbar spine image demonstrates adequate receptor exposure and acceptable contrast using a fixed technique. How will these image factors change if the same technique is used to acquire a collimated view of the L5-S1 articulation?
a.) no change in receptor exposure
b.) increased receptor exposure
c.) decreased receptor exposure
c.) decreased receptor exposure
distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?
a.) inverse
b.) direct
a.) inverse
Saturation indicates:
a.) quantam mottle
b.) fog
c.) underexposure of the IR
d.) overexposure of the IR
d.) overexposure of the IR
How many shades of gray can each pixel in a digital matrix display?
a.) two
b.) one
c.) five
d.) eight
b.) one
Scatter radiation reduces radiographic quality by changing:
a.) contrast
b.) blurring
c.) optical density
d.) distortion
a.) contrast
Which of the following factors affect image contrast? choose all that apply
a.) OID (air gap)
b.) collimation
c.) grid ratio
d.) motion
e.) anode heel effect
f.) FSS
g.) kvp
a.) OID ( air gap )
b.) collimation
c.) grid ratio
g.) kvp
Exposure rate will decrease with an increase in:
a.) SID
b.) focal spot size
c.) all are correct
d.) kvp
a.) SID
What controls the penetrating power of the xray beam?
a.) mas
b.) filtration
c.) FOV
d.) KVp
d.) kvp
A radiograph is acquired using 120 kvp, a 16:1 grid, 72 inch SID, 500 mas and using AEC. How could these setting be changed to increase image contrast?
1.) decrease kvp
2.) remove the grid
3.) decrease ma
4.) decrease distance
5.) increase kvp
a.) 5 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
c.) 2 and 5 only
d.) 1 and 2 only
e.) 1 only
e.) 1 only
The control that adjusts the contrast by adjusting the visible range of densities on the image is the:
a.) all are correct
b.) window width
c.) window pane
d.) window level
b.) window width
All of the following are true about windowing except:
a.) window level adjustments change the contrast of the image
b.) saving adjusted windowing settings to the PACS system narrows the dynamic range for future viewers
c.) windowing is referred to as a post processing manipulation procedure
d.) windowing occurs after the image is displayed on a montior
a.) window level adjustments change the contrast of the image
In radiography of a large abdomen, which of the following is/are effective ways to minimize the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR?
1.) use of close collimation
2.) use of low mas
3.) use of low ratio grid compared to a high grid ratio
a.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3
a.) 1 only
Which of the following factors affect image distortion? choose all that apply.
a.) OID
b.) SID
c.) alignment
d.) kvp
e.) grids
f.) FSS
g.) patient factors
h.) mas
a.) OID
b.) SID
c.) alignment
g.) patient factors
Which of th efollowing have an effect on image receptor exposure? choose all that apply.
a.) FSS
b.) grid ratio
c.) motion
d) tube/part/IR angle
e.) SID
f.) mas
g.) kvp
b.) grid ratio
e.) SID
f.) mas
g.) kvp
The number of shades of gray that can be stored and displayed by a computer system is:
a.) pixel pitch
b.) contrast resolution
c.) pixel density
d.) gray scale
d.) gray scale
an artifact:
a.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph
b.) includes over exposure and under exposure on an image
c.) no correct answer
d.) is always due to terms imaged that are not part of the anatomy ( such as necklaces that were not remoed)
a.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph
How does an increase of 25 mas to 50 mas affect xray beam quality?
a.) decreases quality
b.) increases quality
c.) it has no effect
d.) it depends on the focal spot size
c.) it has no effect
small anode target angles result in which of the followign?”
a.) increased heat capacity
b.) better collimation
c.) small focal spot size
d.) less heel effect
c.) small focal spot size
Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:
a.) coherent interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) classical interactions
b.) compton interactions
Decreasing beam restriction has no affect on patient dose. T/F
False
An increase in the image size of an object compared with its true, or actual size, is called:
a.) shape distortion
b.) magnification
c.) size distortion
d.) sharpness distortion
c.) size distortion
Misalignment of the tube part IR relationship results in:
a.) blur
b.) magnification
c.) shape distortion
d.) size distortion
c.) shape distortion
How is the primary beam affected when increasing the tube filtration?
a.) increase in the number of xray photons
b.) increase in the proportion of lower energy xrays
c.) increase in the speed of the xray photons
d.) increase in the proportion of higher energy xrays
d.) increase in the proportion of higher energy xrays
A decrease in kvp will result in:
1.) decrease in image resolution
2.) decrease in photon energy
3.) decrease in receptor exposure
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
All of the following have an effect on patient dose except:
a.) kvp
b.) inherent filtration
c.) focal spot size
d.) mas
c.) focal spot size
as window level decreases
birghtness decreases
anatomic structures that readily transmit xrays:
are radiolucent
In digital imaging mas selection has an effect on:
1.) receptor exposure
2.) patient dose
3.) image contrast
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 and 2 only
One of the main purposes of beam filtration is to:
a.) reduce patinet dose
b.) all are corrrect
c.) control beam qty
d.) reduce the wear and tear on the tube
a.) reduce patient dose
IF there were no contrast on a radiograph, the image would include:
a.) black and light gray
b.) light gray and dark gray
c.) black and white
d.) only the same shade of gray
d.) only the same shade of gray
A measure of the ability of a system to display contrast of anatomic objects varying in size describes:
a.) MTF
b.) FOV
c.) DQE
d.) OID
a) MTF
