Chapter 9 & 11 Test

Question 1

What type of relationship does mAs have with exposure reaching the IR?

a.) inverse
b.) direct
c.) inverse proportional
d.) direct proportional

Answer 1

d.) direct proportional

Question 2

The greatest detail sharpness is obtained by using
1.) a small focal spot
2.) the longest SID
3.) the smallest OID
4.) longer exposure times

a.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b.) 1 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 4 only

Answer 2

c.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 3

Factors that can impact image resolution include:
1.) patient factors
2.) focal spot size
3.) SID

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1 only

Answer 3

a.) 1, 2 and 3

Question 4

Brightness and contrast are considered ____________ factors, while spatial resolution and distortion are considered ___________ factors.

a.) gray scale; FSS
b.) FSS; gray scale
c.) sharpness; visibility
d.) visibility; sharpness

Answer 4

d.) visibility; sharpness

Question 5

All of the following are related to spatial resolution except:

a.) focal spot size
b.) SID
c.) OID
d.) millamperage

Answer 5

d.) milliamperage

Question 6

A radiograph is made using a 40’’ SID resulting in an intensity of 0.02 mGy. What will be the intensity if a second image is taken at a 72’’ SID?

a.) 0.006 mGy
b.) 0.0025 mGy
c.) 0.0032
d.) 0.06 mGy

Answer 6

a.) 0.006mGy

Question 7

Increasing mAs ___________ beam quantity.

Answer 7

increases

Question 8

increasing kvp ___________ beam quantity.

Answer 8

increases

Question 9

increasing distance __________ beam quanitity.

Answer 9

decreases

Question 10

increasing filtration ___________ beam quantity.

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

increasing filtration _________ beam quality.

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

increasing mAs ____________ beam quality.

Answer 12

does not change

Question 13

increasing intensity __________ beam quality.

Answer 13

does not change

Question 14

increasing kvp ___________ beam penetrability.

Answer 14

increases

Question 15

The range of expousure intensities an image receptor can detect is:

a.) contrast
b.) DQE
c.) dynamic range
d.) density

Answer 15

c.) dynamic range

Question 16

Dimensions of an anatomical area displayed on a monitor describes:

a.) DQE
b.) EI number
c.) FOV
d.) MTF

Answer 16

c.) FOV

Question 17

Of the following options, the only way to decresae quantam noise is to:
1.) increasing kv
2.) increasing mas
3.) decreasing kv
4.) decreasing mas

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 2 and 3only
c.) 3 and 4 only
d.) 1 and 4 only

Answer 17

a.) 1 and 2 only

Question 18

The overall quality of the radiographic image is determined by:

a.) all are correct
b.) sharpness
c.) visibility of anatomic structures
d.) accuracy of structural lines

Answer 18

a.) all are correct

Question 19

The amount of light emitted from the display monitor is:

a.) brightness
b.) noise
c.) contrast resolution
d.) spatial resolution

Answer 19

a.) brightness

Question 20

High contrast will demonstrate ____________ gray area, or a _____________ scale of contrast on an image.

a.) long
b.) many
c.) short
d.) few

Answer 20

c.) short
d.) few

Question 21

What is the term thats used to evaluate accuracy of anatomical structural lines?

a.) spatial resolution
b.) DQE
c.) contrast resolution
d.) bit depth

Answer 21

a.) spatial resolution

Question 22

Minimizing size distortion is accomplished by which of the following?
1.) using the longest feasible SID
2.) using the shortest possible OID
3.) decreasing the angle of the CR
4.) placing the part as close to the IR as possible

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 2 and 3
c.) 1, 2 and 4
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer 22

c.) 1, 2 and 4

Question 23

If a grid is not available, what other method could help reduce excessive scatter to the IR?

a.) shortening SID
b.) air gap
c.) shortening SOD
d.) increasing kvp

Answer 23

b.) air gap

Question 24

as mas increases, quality:

a.) increases by a factor of 4
b.) decreases
c.) increases
d.) is unaffected

Answer 24

d.) is unaffected

Question 25

In digital imaging, brightness is primarily controlled by:
1.) IR exposure
2.) monitor functions
3.) post processing functions

a.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 2 and 3 only

Answer 25

d.) 2 and 3 only

Question 26

Digital image quality is improved with:

a.) larger matrix size
b.) increased tissue density
c.) smaller pixel bit depths
d.) larger pixel size

Answer 26

a.) larger matrix size

Question 27

Out of the following factors, which set will provide the least amount of receptor exposure?

a.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid
b.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 72’’ SID, large FSS, no grid
c.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid
d.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 40’’ SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid

Answer 27

c.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid

Question 28

As kvp increases, scatter radiation will:

a.) remain unchanged
b.) decrease because of less photoelectric interaction
c.) increase becuase of more compton interactions
d.) decrease beacause of less compton interactions

Answer 28

c.) increase because of more compton interactions

Question 29

A radiograph that has densities that are very similar to each other:

a.) has high contrast
b.) has few shades of gray
c.) has low contrast
d.) has short scale contrast

Answer 29

c.) has low contrast

Question 30

Resolution is typically measured in:

a.) line pairs per meter
b.) line pairs per foot
c.) line pairs per millimeter
d.) line pairs per inch

Answer 30

c.) line pairs per millimeter

Question 31

A measurement of the efficiency of an image in converting xray exposure to a quality image describes:

a.) FOV
b.) MTF
c.) dynamic range
d.) DQE

Answer 31

d.) DQE

Question 32

What are the effects of scatter radiation on a radiographic image?
1.) it produces fog
2.) it increases contrast
3.) it decreases recorded detail
4.) it increases noise

a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1 and 4 only
d.) 1 only

Answer 32

d.) 1 only

Question 33

A radiograph of the shoulder is produced using 12 mas and 75 kvp at the wall bucky. how could the technique be changed to increase contrast by lowering kvp while maintaining the receptor exposure?

a.) 10 mas @ 150 kvp
b.) 6 mas @ 64 kvp
c.) 24 mas @ 64 kvp
d.) 12 mas @ 87 kvp

Answer 33

c.) 24 mas @ 64 kvp

Question 34

Spatial resolution can be improved by decreasing:

1.) the SID
2.) the OID
3.) patient/part motion

a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 3 only
c.) 1 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 34

a.) 2 and 3 only

Question 35

An increase in total filtration of the xray beam will decrease:

a.) the average energy of the xray beam
b.) IR exposure
c.) beam HVL
d.) image quality

Answer 35

b.) IR exposure

Question 36

A particular radiograph was produced using 12 mas and 85 kvp with a 16:1 ratio grid. The radiograph is to be repeated using an 8:1 ratio grid. what should be the new milliampere-seconds value?

a.) 3
b.) 8
c.) 10
d.) 6

Answer 36

b.) 8

Question 37

good collimation practices will do all of the following except:

a.) decrease radiation dose
b.) reduce visibility of recorded detail
c.) affect the amount of scatter that reaches the IR
d.) all choices are correct

Answer 37

b.) reduce visibility of recorded detail

Question 38

Foreshortening can be caused by :

a.) excessive angle of the tube to the IR
b.) excessive distance between the object and the IR
c.) insufficient distance between the focus and the IR
d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR

Answer 38

d.) the radiographic object being placed at an angle to the IR

Question 39

Appropriate scatter radiation control methods include which of the following?
1.) tight collimation
2.) lead masking at the edge of the exposure field
3.) appropriate use of a grid
4.) increasing FOV
5.) using an air gap method

a.) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
b.) 2, 3 and 5 only
c.) 1, 2 and 4 only
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only

Answer 39

d.) 1, 2, 3 and 5 only

Question 40

Out of the followign factors, which set will provide the greatest amount of spatial resolution?

a.) 80 kvp, 10 mas, 3’’ OID, 40’’ SID, large FSS, 8:1 grid
b.) 60 kvp, 20 mas, 10’’ OID, 72’’ SID, large FSS, no grid
c.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 2’’ OID, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid
d.) 60 kvp, 10 mas, 6’’ OID, 72” SID, small FSS, 8:1 grid

Answer 40

c.) 80 kvp, 8 mas, 2’’ OID, 72’’ SID, small FSS, 5:1 grid

Question 41

An image demonstrating many brightness levels or shades of gray is said to posses:
1.) long scale contrast
2.) low constrast
3.) short scale contrast

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 2 only

Answer 41

c.) 1 and 2 only

Question 42

Aluminum filtration has its greatest efeect on:

a.) high energy xray photons
b.) low energy xray photons
c.) high energy scattered photons
d.) low enrgy scattered photons

Answer 42

b.) low energy xray photons

Question 43

Which of the following matrixes will produce the greatest SR?

a.) 2048x2048
b.) 1056x1056
c.) 512x512
d.) 256x256

Answer 43

a.) 2048x2048

Question 44

Methods that help to reduce the production of scattered radiation include using:
1.) decreasing FOV
2.) beam restriciton
3.) a grid

a.) 1, 2 and 3
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 2 and 3 only

Answer 44

c.) 1 and 2 only

Question 45

A lateral lumbar spine image demonstrates adequate receptor exposure and acceptable contrast using a fixed technique. How will these image factors change if the same technique is used to acquire a collimated view of the L5-S1 articulation?

a.) no change in receptor exposure
b.) increased receptor exposure
c.) decreased receptor exposure

Answer 45

c.) decreased receptor exposure

Question 46

distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?

a.) inverse
b.) direct

Answer 46

a.) inverse

Question 47

Saturation indicates:

a.) quantam mottle
b.) fog
c.) underexposure of the IR
d.) overexposure of the IR

Answer 47

d.) overexposure of the IR

Question 48

How many shades of gray can each pixel in a digital matrix display?

a.) two
b.) one
c.) five
d.) eight

Answer 48

b.) one

Question 49

Scatter radiation reduces radiographic quality by changing:

a.) contrast
b.) blurring
c.) optical density
d.) distortion

Answer 49

a.) contrast

Question 50

Which of the following factors affect image contrast? choose all that apply

a.) OID (air gap)
b.) collimation
c.) grid ratio
d.) motion
e.) anode heel effect
f.) FSS
g.) kvp

Answer 50

a.) OID ( air gap )
b.) collimation
c.) grid ratio
g.) kvp

Question 51

Exposure rate will decrease with an increase in:

a.) SID
b.) focal spot size
c.) all are correct
d.) kvp

Answer 51

a.) SID

Question 52

What controls the penetrating power of the xray beam?

a.) mas
b.) filtration
c.) FOV
d.) KVp

Answer 52

d.) kvp

Question 53

A radiograph is acquired using 120 kvp, a 16:1 grid, 72 inch SID, 500 mas and using AEC. How could these setting be changed to increase image contrast?
1.) decrease kvp
2.) remove the grid
3.) decrease ma
4.) decrease distance
5.) increase kvp

a.) 5 only
b.) 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
c.) 2 and 5 only
d.) 1 and 2 only
e.) 1 only

Answer 53

e.) 1 only

Question 54

The control that adjusts the contrast by adjusting the visible range of densities on the image is the:

a.) all are correct
b.) window width
c.) window pane
d.) window level

Answer 54

b.) window width

Question 55

All of the following are true about windowing except:

a.) window level adjustments change the contrast of the image
b.) saving adjusted windowing settings to the PACS system narrows the dynamic range for future viewers
c.) windowing is referred to as a post processing manipulation procedure
d.) windowing occurs after the image is displayed on a montior

Answer 55

a.) window level adjustments change the contrast of the image

Question 56

In radiography of a large abdomen, which of the following is/are effective ways to minimize the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR?
1.) use of close collimation
2.) use of low mas
3.) use of low ratio grid compared to a high grid ratio

a.) 1 only
b.) 1 and 2
c.) 1, 2 and 3
d.) 1 and 3

Answer 56

a.) 1 only

Question 57

Which of the following factors affect image distortion? choose all that apply.

a.) OID
b.) SID
c.) alignment
d.) kvp
e.) grids
f.) FSS
g.) patient factors
h.) mas

Answer 57

a.) OID
b.) SID
c.) alignment
g.) patient factors

Question 58

Which of th efollowing have an effect on image receptor exposure? choose all that apply.

a.) FSS
b.) grid ratio
c.) motion
d) tube/part/IR angle
e.) SID
f.) mas
g.) kvp

Answer 58

b.) grid ratio
e.) SID
f.) mas
g.) kvp

Question 59

The number of shades of gray that can be stored and displayed by a computer system is:

a.) pixel pitch
b.) contrast resolution
c.) pixel density
d.) gray scale

Answer 59

d.) gray scale

Question 60

an artifact:

a.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph
b.) includes over exposure and under exposure on an image
c.) no correct answer
d.) is always due to terms imaged that are not part of the anatomy ( such as necklaces that were not remoed)

Answer 60

a.) is an unwanted image seen in a radiograph

Question 61

How does an increase of 25 mas to 50 mas affect xray beam quality?

a.) decreases quality
b.) increases quality
c.) it has no effect
d.) it depends on the focal spot size

Answer 61

c.) it has no effect

Question 62

small anode target angles result in which of the followign?”

a.) increased heat capacity
b.) better collimation
c.) small focal spot size
d.) less heel effect

Answer 62

c.) small focal spot size

Question 63

Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:

a.) coherent interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) classical interactions

Answer 63

b.) compton interactions

Question 64

Decreasing beam restriction has no affect on patient dose. T/F

Answer 64

False

Question 65

An increase in the image size of an object compared with its true, or actual size, is called:

a.) shape distortion
b.) magnification
c.) size distortion
d.) sharpness distortion

Answer 65

c.) size distortion

Question 66

Misalignment of the tube part IR relationship results in:

a.) blur
b.) magnification
c.) shape distortion
d.) size distortion

Answer 66

c.) shape distortion

Question 67

How is the primary beam affected when increasing the tube filtration?

a.) increase in the number of xray photons
b.) increase in the proportion of lower energy xrays
c.) increase in the speed of the xray photons
d.) increase in the proportion of higher energy xrays

Answer 67

d.) increase in the proportion of higher energy xrays

Question 68

A decrease in kvp will result in:

1.) decrease in image resolution
2.) decrease in photon energy
3.) decrease in receptor exposure

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1 only

Answer 68

c.) 2 and 3 only

Question 69

All of the following have an effect on patient dose except:

a.) kvp
b.) inherent filtration
c.) focal spot size
d.) mas

Answer 69

c.) focal spot size

Question 70

as window level decreases

Answer 70

birghtness decreases

Question 71

anatomic structures that readily transmit xrays:

Answer 71

are radiolucent

Question 72

In digital imaging mas selection has an effect on:

1.) receptor exposure
2.) patient dose
3.) image contrast

a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 1 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 72

a.) 1 and 2 only

Question 73

One of the main purposes of beam filtration is to:

a.) reduce patinet dose
b.) all are corrrect
c.) control beam qty
d.) reduce the wear and tear on the tube

Answer 73

a.) reduce patient dose

Question 74

IF there were no contrast on a radiograph, the image would include:

a.) black and light gray
b.) light gray and dark gray
c.) black and white
d.) only the same shade of gray

Answer 74

d.) only the same shade of gray

Question 75

A measure of the ability of a system to display contrast of anatomic objects varying in size describes:

a.) MTF
b.) FOV
c.) DQE
d.) OID

Answer 75

a) MTF