Chapter 7 & 8 Test

Question 1

Which of the following will increase beam attenuation?

a.) thicker atomic part
b.) lower atomic number
c.) decreasing tissue density
d.) higher KVP

Answer 1

a.) thicker atomic part

Question 2

During a photoelectric interaction,

a.) an outer shell electron is ejected
b.) an inner shell electron is ejected
c.) no electrons are ejected
d.) electrons for all levels are ejected

Answer 2

b.) an inner shell electron is ejected

Question 3

Anatomic structures that readily transmit xrays:

a.) are called radiopaque
b.) are called radiolucent
c.) have a high effective atomic number
d.) have a high probability for photoelectric effect

Answer 3

b.) are called radiolucent

Question 4

How many pixels does a 600 x 600 matrix have?

a.) 360,000
b.) 600
c.) 3600
d.) 1200

Answer 4

a.) 360,000

Question 5

Which of the following events will not occur in the diagnostic range of xray energies?

a.) classical
b.) photoelectric
c.) compton
d.) photodisintegration

Answer 5

d.) photodisintegration

Question 6

The xray beam changes as it travels through the patient by a process called:

a.) filtration
b.) attenuation
c.) annhiliation
d.) electrification

Answer 6

b.) attenuation

Question 7

The difference between the xray photons that are absorbed photoelectrically and photons that exit the body is the definition for:

a.) absorption
b.) differential absorption
c.) transmission
d.) attenuation

Answer 7

b.) differential absorption

Question 8

The largest amount of diagnostic xray absorption is most likely to occur in which of the following tissues?

a.) bone
b.) lung
c.) muscle
d.) adipose

Answer 8

a.) bone

Question 9

Choose all of the following statements that are accurate pertaining to the role of KVP in radiographic image production.

a.) as KVP is increased, penetrating ability of the xrays increases
b.) as KVP is increased, more xrays exit the patient to strike the IR
c.) as KVP is decreased, wavelength decreases
d.) as KVP increases, receptor exposure increases
e.) as kvp decreases, IR exposure remains constant

a.) a, b, c, d and e
b.) a, c and e only
c.) a, b, c and d only
d.) a, b and d only

Answer 9

d.) a, b and d only

Question 10

In reference to patient radiation dose, classical scattre interactions:

a.) slightly increase dose
b.) significantly increase dose
c.) have no effect on dose
d.) slightly decrease dose

Answer 10

a.) slightly increase dose

Question 11

Once processed, the digital image is referred to as a :

a.) latent image
b.) manifest image
c.) resolved image
d.) invisible image

Answer 11

b.) manifest image

Question 12

For the same FOV, spatial resolution will be improved using:

a.) a smaller matrix
b.) a larger matrix
c.) fewer pixels
d.) shorter SID

Answer 12

b.) a larger matrix

Question 13

To double the beam quantity:

a.) leave the mAs as is and reduce the KVP
b.) halve the mAs
c.) double the mAs
d.) increase the mAs by a factor of 4

Answer 13

c.) double the mAs

Question 14

How does filtration affect the primary beam?

a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam
b.) it decreases the average energy of the promary beam
c.) it makes the primary beam more penetrating
d.) it increases the intensity of the primary beam

Answer 14

a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam

Question 15

The combination of rows and columns that make up the digital image is the:

a.) pixel
b.) bit depth
c.) FOV
d. matrix

Answer 15

d.) matrix

Question 16

The beam that is found leaving the collimator and exposes the patient is called:

a.) transmitted beam
b.) remnant beam
c.) primary beam
d.) collimator beam

Answer 16

c.) primary beam

Question 17

The total amount of diagnostic filtration can be determined by finding the sum of:

a.) compression and compensating filtration
b.) inherent and added filtration
c.) inherent and compensating filtration
d.) compensating and added filtration

Answer 17

b.) inherent and added filtration

Question 18

Attenuation is the process through which xray interactions with matter result in:

a.) reduction in beam divergance
b.) reduction in beam quantity
c.) reduction in beam penetrability
d.) reduction in beam quality

Answer 18

b.) reduciton in beam quantity

Question 19

Which of the following interactions occur at the lower kinetic energy?

a.) thomson
b.) photoelectric
c.) compton
d.) photodisintegration

Answer 19

a.) thomson

Question 20

Factors that decrease xray absorption include:

a.) increased xray beam quality
b.) increased atomic number
c.) increased tissue density
d.) increased tissue thickness

Answer 20

a.) increased xray beam quality

Question 21

Xrays can eject electrons from atoms. This is known as:

a.) absorption
b.) photoelectric
c.) compton
d.) ionization

Answer 21

d.) ionization

Question 22

Distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?

a.) direct
b.) inverse

Answer 22

b.) inverse

Question 23

The reduction in the intensity of an xray beam as it passes through material is termed:

a.) scattering
b.) absorption
c.) divergence
d.) attenuation

Answer 23

d.) attenuation

Question 24

The anatomic area being imaged is the:

a.) FOV
b.) bit depth
c.) pixel
d.) matrix

Answer 24

a.) FOV

Question 25

Radiation that passes through the tube housing in directions other than that of the useful beam is termed:

a.) secondary radiation
b.) scattered radiation
c.) leakage radiation
d.) remnant radiation

Answer 25

c.) leakage radiation

Question 26

The radiographic image is formed pricipally by which of the following?

a.) photoelectric interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) uniform distribution of remnant xrays
d.) classical scattering

Answer 26

a.) photoelectric interactions

Question 27

Which radiographic projection results in the highest percentage of xray attenuation? Assume that each body section is of approximately equal thickness.

a.) AP abdomen
b.) AP pelvis
c.) attenuation is equal for all parts
d.) AP chest

Answer 27

b.) AP pelvis

Question 28

The smallest component of the digital image matrix is the:

a.) FOV
b.) bit depth
c.) matrix
d.) pixel

Answer 28

d.) pixel

Question 29

Which of the following provides a numeric value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital image receptor?

a.) contrast resolution
b.) brightness
c.) exposure indicator
d.) noise

Answer 29

c.) exposure indicator

Question 30

What pixel size has a 512 x 512 matrix with a 20 cm field of view (FOV)?

a.) 0.04 mm/pixel
b.) 4.0 mm/pixel
c.) 0.07 mm/pixel
d.) 0.40 mm/pixel

Answer 30

d.) 0.40 mm/pixel

Question 31

As kvp increases, scatter radiation will:

a.) decrease because of less compton interactions
b.) remains unchanged
c.) increase beacause of more compton interaction
d.) decrease beacuase of less photoelectric interaction

Answer 31

c.) increase beacuse of more compton interaction

Question 32

Xray beam intensity is a term describing the:

a.) number of photons
b.) frequency of photons
c.) maximum energy of photons
d.) photon quality

Answer 32

a.) number of photons

Question 33

Which of the following interactions do not cause ionization?

a.) classical scattering
b.) compton scattering
c.) pair production
d.) photoelectric effect

Answer 33

a.) classical scattering

Question 34

Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:

a.) classical interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) coherent interactions

Answer 34

b.) compton interactions

Question 35

Photoelectric interactions:

a.) contriute significantly to patient dose
b.) negatively affect radiographic image quality
c.) all are correct
d.) should be reduced as close to 0 events as possible

Answer 35

a.) contribute significantly to patient dose

Question 36

Prior to processing, the digital image is referred to as a:

a.) latent image
b.) manifest image
c.) resolved image
d.) visible image

Answer 36

a.) latent image

Question 37

digital image quality is improved with:

a.) increased tissue density
b.) smaller pixel bit depths
c.) larger pixel size
d.) larger matrix size

Answer 37

d.) larger matrix size

Question 38

In a 12 bit analog to digital converter, each pixel will have how many possible values?

a.) 256
b.) 1024
c.) 512
d.) 4096

Answer 38

d.) 4096

Question 39

The distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the one next to it is:

a.) gray shade
b.) pixel pitch
c.) pixel density
d.) contrast resolution

Answer 39

b.) pixel pitch

Question 40

Increasing xray beam quality:

a.) increases beam attenuation
b.) decreases absorption
c.) increases transmission
d.) decreases transmission

a.) a, b and d only
b.) a, b and c only
c.) b only
d.) b and c only

Answer 40

d.) b and c only

Question 41

The passage of radiation through matter without interaction is describes as:

a.) transmission
b.) divergence
c.) attenuation
d.) scatter

Answer 41

a.) transmission

Question 42

The xray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scatted radiaiton reahing the IR is:

a.) thomson scatter
b.) classical scatter
c.) compton scatter
d.) the photoelectric effect

Answer 42

c.) compton scatter

Question 43

Which of the following is the primary controlling factor of quantity?

a.) kvp
b.) mas

Answer 43

b.) mas

Question 44

The photoelectric effect is:

a.) a partially exciting event
b.) the complete absorption of a photon with the subsequent emission of an electron
c.) the complete absorption of an electron with the subsequent emission of an xray
d.) a radiation scattering event

Answer 44

b.) the complete absorption of a photon with the subsequnet emission of an electron

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a contributor to xray beam quality?

a.) mas
b.) penetrability
c.) filtration
d.) kvp

Answer 45

a.) mas

Question 46

How many shades of gray can each pixel in digital matrix display?

a.) eight
b.) five
c.) two
d.) one

Answer 46

d.) one

Question 47

The image of exposure intensities an image receptor can detect is:

a.) dynamic range
b.) DQE
c.) density
d.) contrast

Answer 47

a.) dynamic range

Question 48

The photoelectric effect is more likely to occur with:
1.) absorbers having a high z number
2.) high energy incident photons
3.) positive contrast media

a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3

Answer 48

a.) 1 and 3 only

Question 49

Differential absorption occurs because different tissues have varying amounts of:
a.) comton scattering
b.) coherent scattering
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) classical interactions

Answer 49

c.) photoelectric interactions

Question 50

The electron stream which bombards the anode is called:

a.) actual focal spot size
b.) effective focal spot size

Answer 50

a.) actual focal spot size

Question 51

Which of the followign is the primary controlling factor of quality?

a.) kvp
b.) mas

Answer 51

a.) kvp

Question 52

Decreasing patient thickness will:

a.) decrease transmission
b.) increase transmission
c.) increase beam attenuation
d.) increase absorption

Answer 52

b.) increase transmission

Question 53

Coherent scattering involves

a.) an xray photon with high energy
b.) an xray photon with low energy
c.) all are correct
d.) ionization

Answer 53

b.) an xray photon with low energy

Question 54

Which of the following matrices results in a digital image with the best image quality?

a.) 200 x 200
b.) 2048 x 2048
c.) 600 x 600
d.) 1024 x 1024

Answer 54

b.) 2048 x 2048

Question 55

Which of the following interactions represents the highest contribution to occupational exposure during a radiographic procedure?

a.) classical interactions
b.) photoelectric absorption
c.) pair production
d.) compton interactions

Answer 55

d.) compton interactions

Question 56

Which of the following is not one of the five basic xray interactions with matter?

a.) compton scattering
b.) classical scattering
c.) pair production
d.) compton interactions

Answer 56

d.) compton interactions

Question 57

__________ interact with tungsten atoms and create a brems or characteristic xray

a.) characterisitic electrons
b.) electrons and photons
c.) photons
d.) electrons

Answer 57

d.) electrons

Question 58

Increasing tissue tickness will:

a.) decrease absorption
b.) increase transmission
c.) increase beam attenuation
d.) decrease beam attenuation

Answer 58

c.) increase beam attenuation

Question 59

One of the main purposes of beam filtration is to:

a.) all are correct
b.) control beam quantity
c.) reduce the wear and tear on the tube
d.) reduce patient dose

Answer 59

d.) reduce patient dose

Question 60

Which of the following photon interactions result in ionization of an atom?
1.) coherent scattering
2.) photoelectric absorption
3.) compton scattering

a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3 only

Answer 60

b.) 2 and 3 only

Question 61

Concerning xray beam transmission the addition of high z number contrast agent results in:

a.) no change in xray transmission
b.) increase transmission
c.) decreased transmission

Answer 61

c.) decreased transmission

Question 62

Compton scattering involves the xray photon:

a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
b.) being absorbed in the atom
c.) passing through the atom without any change
d.) removing an inner shell electron

Answer 62

a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron