Chapter 7 & 8 Test Flashcards
Which of the following will increase beam attenuation?
a.) thicker atomic part
b.) lower atomic number
c.) decreasing tissue density
d.) higher KVP
a.) thicker atomic part
During a photoelectric interaction,
a.) an outer shell electron is ejected
b.) an inner shell electron is ejected
c.) no electrons are ejected
d.) electrons for all levels are ejected
b.) an inner shell electron is ejected
Anatomic structures that readily transmit xrays:
a.) are called radiopaque
b.) are called radiolucent
c.) have a high effective atomic number
d.) have a high probability for photoelectric effect
b.) are called radiolucent
How many pixels does a 600 x 600 matrix have?
a.) 360,000
b.) 600
c.) 3600
d.) 1200
a.) 360,000
Which of the following events will not occur in the diagnostic range of xray energies?
a.) classical
b.) photoelectric
c.) compton
d.) photodisintegration
d.) photodisintegration
The xray beam changes as it travels through the patient by a process called:
a.) filtration
b.) attenuation
c.) annhiliation
d.) electrification
b.) attenuation
The difference between the xray photons that are absorbed photoelectrically and photons that exit the body is the definition for:
a.) absorption
b.) differential absorption
c.) transmission
d.) attenuation
b.) differential absorption
The largest amount of diagnostic xray absorption is most likely to occur in which of the following tissues?
a.) bone
b.) lung
c.) muscle
d.) adipose
a.) bone
Choose all of the following statements that are accurate pertaining to the role of KVP in radiographic image production.
a.) as KVP is increased, penetrating ability of the xrays increases
b.) as KVP is increased, more xrays exit the patient to strike the IR
c.) as KVP is decreased, wavelength decreases
d.) as KVP increases, receptor exposure increases
e.) as kvp decreases, IR exposure remains constant
a.) a, b, c, d and e
b.) a, c and e only
c.) a, b, c and d only
d.) a, b and d only
d.) a, b and d only
In reference to patient radiation dose, classical scattre interactions:
a.) slightly increase dose
b.) significantly increase dose
c.) have no effect on dose
d.) slightly decrease dose
a.) slightly increase dose
Once processed, the digital image is referred to as a :
a.) latent image
b.) manifest image
c.) resolved image
d.) invisible image
b.) manifest image
For the same FOV, spatial resolution will be improved using:
a.) a smaller matrix
b.) a larger matrix
c.) fewer pixels
d.) shorter SID
b.) a larger matrix
To double the beam quantity:
a.) leave the mAs as is and reduce the KVP
b.) halve the mAs
c.) double the mAs
d.) increase the mAs by a factor of 4
c.) double the mAs
How does filtration affect the primary beam?
a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam
b.) it decreases the average energy of the promary beam
c.) it makes the primary beam more penetrating
d.) it increases the intensity of the primary beam
a.) it increases the average energy of the primary beam
The combination of rows and columns that make up the digital image is the:
a.) pixel
b.) bit depth
c.) FOV
d. matrix
d.) matrix
The beam that is found leaving the collimator and exposes the patient is called:
a.) transmitted beam
b.) remnant beam
c.) primary beam
d.) collimator beam
c.) primary beam
The total amount of diagnostic filtration can be determined by finding the sum of:
a.) compression and compensating filtration
b.) inherent and added filtration
c.) inherent and compensating filtration
d.) compensating and added filtration
b.) inherent and added filtration
Attenuation is the process through which xray interactions with matter result in:
a.) reduction in beam divergance
b.) reduction in beam quantity
c.) reduction in beam penetrability
d.) reduction in beam quality
b.) reduciton in beam quantity
Which of the following interactions occur at the lower kinetic energy?
a.) thomson
b.) photoelectric
c.) compton
d.) photodisintegration
a.) thomson
Factors that decrease xray absorption include:
a.) increased xray beam quality
b.) increased atomic number
c.) increased tissue density
d.) increased tissue thickness
a.) increased xray beam quality
Xrays can eject electrons from atoms. This is known as:
a.) absorption
b.) photoelectric
c.) compton
d.) ionization
d.) ionization
Distance and xray beam quantity or intensity share what kind of relationship?
a.) direct
b.) inverse
b.) inverse
The reduction in the intensity of an xray beam as it passes through material is termed:
a.) scattering
b.) absorption
c.) divergence
d.) attenuation
d.) attenuation
The anatomic area being imaged is the:
a.) FOV
b.) bit depth
c.) pixel
d.) matrix
a.) FOV
Radiation that passes through the tube housing in directions other than that of the useful beam is termed:
a.) secondary radiation
b.) scattered radiation
c.) leakage radiation
d.) remnant radiation
c.) leakage radiation
The radiographic image is formed pricipally by which of the following?
a.) photoelectric interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) uniform distribution of remnant xrays
d.) classical scattering
a.) photoelectric interactions
Which radiographic projection results in the highest percentage of xray attenuation? Assume that each body section is of approximately equal thickness.
a.) AP abdomen
b.) AP pelvis
c.) attenuation is equal for all parts
d.) AP chest
b.) AP pelvis
The smallest component of the digital image matrix is the:
a.) FOV
b.) bit depth
c.) matrix
d.) pixel
d.) pixel
Which of the following provides a numeric value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital image receptor?
a.) contrast resolution
b.) brightness
c.) exposure indicator
d.) noise
c.) exposure indicator
What pixel size has a 512 x 512 matrix with a 20 cm field of view (FOV)?
a.) 0.04 mm/pixel
b.) 4.0 mm/pixel
c.) 0.07 mm/pixel
d.) 0.40 mm/pixel
d.) 0.40 mm/pixel
As kvp increases, scatter radiation will:
a.) decrease because of less compton interactions
b.) remains unchanged
c.) increase beacause of more compton interaction
d.) decrease beacuase of less photoelectric interaction
c.) increase beacuse of more compton interaction
Xray beam intensity is a term describing the:
a.) number of photons
b.) frequency of photons
c.) maximum energy of photons
d.) photon quality
a.) number of photons
Which of the following interactions do not cause ionization?
a.) classical scattering
b.) compton scattering
c.) pair production
d.) photoelectric effect
a.) classical scattering
Fog seen on a radiographic image is primarily the result of:
a.) classical interactions
b.) compton interactions
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) coherent interactions
b.) compton interactions
Photoelectric interactions:
a.) contriute significantly to patient dose
b.) negatively affect radiographic image quality
c.) all are correct
d.) should be reduced as close to 0 events as possible
a.) contribute significantly to patient dose
Prior to processing, the digital image is referred to as a:
a.) latent image
b.) manifest image
c.) resolved image
d.) visible image
a.) latent image
digital image quality is improved with:
a.) increased tissue density
b.) smaller pixel bit depths
c.) larger pixel size
d.) larger matrix size
d.) larger matrix size
In a 12 bit analog to digital converter, each pixel will have how many possible values?
a.) 256
b.) 1024
c.) 512
d.) 4096
d.) 4096
The distance from the center of one pixel to the center of the one next to it is:
a.) gray shade
b.) pixel pitch
c.) pixel density
d.) contrast resolution
b.) pixel pitch
Increasing xray beam quality:
a.) increases beam attenuation
b.) decreases absorption
c.) increases transmission
d.) decreases transmission
a.) a, b and d only
b.) a, b and c only
c.) b only
d.) b and c only
d.) b and c only
The passage of radiation through matter without interaction is describes as:
a.) transmission
b.) divergence
c.) attenuation
d.) scatter
a.) transmission
The xray interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scatted radiaiton reahing the IR is:
a.) thomson scatter
b.) classical scatter
c.) compton scatter
d.) the photoelectric effect
c.) compton scatter
Which of the following is the primary controlling factor of quantity?
a.) kvp
b.) mas
b.) mas
The photoelectric effect is:
a.) a partially exciting event
b.) the complete absorption of a photon with the subsequent emission of an electron
c.) the complete absorption of an electron with the subsequent emission of an xray
d.) a radiation scattering event
b.) the complete absorption of a photon with the subsequnet emission of an electron
Which of the following is NOT a contributor to xray beam quality?
a.) mas
b.) penetrability
c.) filtration
d.) kvp
a.) mas
How many shades of gray can each pixel in digital matrix display?
a.) eight
b.) five
c.) two
d.) one
d.) one
The image of exposure intensities an image receptor can detect is:
a.) dynamic range
b.) DQE
c.) density
d.) contrast
a.) dynamic range
The photoelectric effect is more likely to occur with:
1.) absorbers having a high z number
2.) high energy incident photons
3.) positive contrast media
a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3
a.) 1 and 3 only
Differential absorption occurs because different tissues have varying amounts of:
a.) comton scattering
b.) coherent scattering
c.) photoelectric interactions
d.) classical interactions
c.) photoelectric interactions
The electron stream which bombards the anode is called:
a.) actual focal spot size
b.) effective focal spot size
a.) actual focal spot size
Which of the followign is the primary controlling factor of quality?
a.) kvp
b.) mas
a.) kvp
Decreasing patient thickness will:
a.) decrease transmission
b.) increase transmission
c.) increase beam attenuation
d.) increase absorption
b.) increase transmission
Coherent scattering involves
a.) an xray photon with high energy
b.) an xray photon with low energy
c.) all are correct
d.) ionization
b.) an xray photon with low energy
Which of the following matrices results in a digital image with the best image quality?
a.) 200 x 200
b.) 2048 x 2048
c.) 600 x 600
d.) 1024 x 1024
b.) 2048 x 2048
Which of the following interactions represents the highest contribution to occupational exposure during a radiographic procedure?
a.) classical interactions
b.) photoelectric absorption
c.) pair production
d.) compton interactions
d.) compton interactions
Which of the following is not one of the five basic xray interactions with matter?
a.) compton scattering
b.) classical scattering
c.) pair production
d.) compton interactions
d.) compton interactions
__________ interact with tungsten atoms and create a brems or characteristic xray
a.) characterisitic electrons
b.) electrons and photons
c.) photons
d.) electrons
d.) electrons
Increasing tissue tickness will:
a.) decrease absorption
b.) increase transmission
c.) increase beam attenuation
d.) decrease beam attenuation
c.) increase beam attenuation
One of the main purposes of beam filtration is to:
a.) all are correct
b.) control beam quantity
c.) reduce the wear and tear on the tube
d.) reduce patient dose
d.) reduce patient dose
Which of the following photon interactions result in ionization of an atom?
1.) coherent scattering
2.) photoelectric absorption
3.) compton scattering
a.) 1 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 2 only
d.) 1, 2 and 3 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
Concerning xray beam transmission the addition of high z number contrast agent results in:
a.) no change in xray transmission
b.) increase transmission
c.) decreased transmission
c.) decreased transmission
Compton scattering involves the xray photon:
a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
b.) being absorbed in the atom
c.) passing through the atom without any change
d.) removing an inner shell electron
a.) removing a middle or outer shell electron
