Chapter 9,11,12 Mo Choic Flashcards
Adolescent fertility rate
of births per 1000 women ages 15-19
Biomass fuel
Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste
Breeder reactor
Nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium
Demand
The quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy
Developed country
A country that has progressed relatively along the continuum of development
Developing country
Country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development
Development
Process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology
Fair trade
An alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit Union organization, comply with minimum enivormental and safety standard
Female labor force participation rate
Percentage of woman holding job outside of home
Foreign direct investment
Investment made by foreign company in economy of another country
Gender inequality index
A measure of the extent of each country’s gender inequality
Gross domestic product
Value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period
Gross national income
The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in year, including money that leaves and enters a country
Housing bubble
A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value
Human development index
Indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations l, based on income, literacy, education, life expectancy
Inequality adjusted hdi
Modification of the hdi to account for inequality within a country
Microfinance
Provision of small loans and other finance services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries
Millennium development goals
Eight international development goals that all members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve by 2015
Primary sector
Portion of economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from earth surface (agriculture fishing forestry mining)
Productivity
Value of particular product compared to amount of labor to make it
Purchasing power parity
Amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country
Adjust income figures to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods
Secondary sector
Economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing transforming and assembling raw material
Tertiary sector
Portion of economy concerned with transportation communication utilities and sometimes extended provisions of all goods and services to people in exchange of payment
Active solar energy systems
Solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat plate conductors
Break of bulk point
A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another
Bull gaining industry
Final product wieghs more or comprises a greater volume than inputs
Bulk reducing industry
Final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume then the inputs
Cottage industry
Manufacturing based in homes rather than factories commonly found prior to industrial revolution
Fordist production
A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly
Industrial revolution
Series o improvement in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacture goods
Just in time delivery
Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed
Labor intensive industry
Labor cost comprise high percentage of total expenses
Maquiladora
A factory built by a US company in Mexico near the us border to take advantage of the much lower labor cost in Mexico
New international division of labor
Transfer of some type of jobs, low skilled jobs going to LDC while high skilled jobs say in MDC
Outsourcing
A decision by a Corp to turn over much of the responsibility from production to independent suppliers
Non point source pollution
Pollution originated from large diffuse area
Point source pollution
Polluted from specific place
Post Fordist production
Adoption by companies of flexible work rules such as allocation of worker to teams that perform a variety of task
Right to work laws
A us law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contact that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment
Site factors
Location factors related to the cost of factors of production. Inside a plant such as :
Land labor and capital
Situation factors
Location factors related to the transportation of materials into ad from a factory
Vertical integration
An approach typical o traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of highly complex production process
Basic industries
Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settle ment
Business services
Services that primarily meet the need of other business, including professional, financial, an transportation services
Central place
A market center for the exchange of service by people attracted from the surrounding area
Central place theory
Theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers o market areas for services;
Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further
City state
A sovereign state comprising a city as its immediate hinterland
Clustered rural settlement
A rural settlement in which the houses and farm building of each family are situated close to each other with field surrounding the settlement
Consumer service
Business that provides services primarily to individual consumers including retail services and education health and leisure activities
Dispersed rural settlement
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
Economic base
A community collection of basic industry
Enclosure movement
The process of consolidating small landholding into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteen century
Gravity model
A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a lava toon and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the services
Market area (hinterland)
Te surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services
Nonbasic industries
Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
Primate city
The largest settlement in a country, is 2x larger population than the 2nd largest country
Primate city rule
A pattern of settlement last in a country such that the largest settlement has nor ethane rice as many people as the second largest ranking settlement
Public service
Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
Range of services
Maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
Rank size rule
A pattern of settlement
The nth largest settlement is 1/nth the population of the largest settlement
Service
Any activities that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it
Urbanization
Increase percentage of people living in urban settlements
