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Ap Huge > Chapter 9,11,12 Mo Choic > Flashcards

Chapter 9,11,12 Mo Choic Flashcards

1
Q

Adolescent fertility rate

A

of births per 1000 women ages 15-19

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2
Q

Biomass fuel

A

Fuel that derives from plant material and animal waste

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3
Q

Breeder reactor

A

Nuclear power plant that creates its own fuel from plutonium

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4
Q

Demand

A

The quantity of something that consumers are willing and able to buy

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5
Q

Developed country

A

A country that has progressed relatively along the continuum of development

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6
Q

Developing country

A

Country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development

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7
Q

Development

A

Process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

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8
Q

Fair trade

A

An alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit Union organization, comply with minimum enivormental and safety standard

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9
Q

Female labor force participation rate

A

Percentage of woman holding job outside of home

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10
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

Investment made by foreign company in economy of another country

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11
Q

Gender inequality index

A

A measure of the extent of each country’s gender inequality

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12
Q

Gross domestic product

A

Value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period

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13
Q

Gross national income

A

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in year, including money that leaves and enters a country

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14
Q

Housing bubble

A

A rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value

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15
Q

Human development index

A

Indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations l, based on income, literacy, education, life expectancy

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16
Q

Inequality adjusted hdi

A

Modification of the hdi to account for inequality within a country

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17
Q

Microfinance

A

Provision of small loans and other finance services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries

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18
Q

Millennium development goals

A

Eight international development goals that all members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve by 2015

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19
Q

Primary sector

A

Portion of economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from earth surface (agriculture fishing forestry mining)

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20
Q

Productivity

A

Value of particular product compared to amount of labor to make it

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21
Q

Purchasing power parity

A

Amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country

Adjust income figures to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods

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22
Q

Secondary sector

A

Economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing transforming and assembling raw material

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23
Q

Tertiary sector

A

Portion of economy concerned with transportation communication utilities and sometimes extended provisions of all goods and services to people in exchange of payment

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24
Q

Active solar energy systems

A

Solar energy systems that collects energy through the use of mechanical devices such as photovoltaic cells or flat plate conductors

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25
Q

Break of bulk point

A

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another

26
Q

Bull gaining industry

A

Final product wieghs more or comprises a greater volume than inputs

27
Q

Bulk reducing industry

A

Final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume then the inputs

28
Q

Cottage industry

A

Manufacturing based in homes rather than factories commonly found prior to industrial revolution

29
Q

Fordist production

A

A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly

30
Q

Industrial revolution

A

Series o improvement in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacture goods

31
Q

Just in time delivery

A

Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed

32
Q

Labor intensive industry

A

Labor cost comprise high percentage of total expenses

33
Q

Maquiladora

A

A factory built by a US company in Mexico near the us border to take advantage of the much lower labor cost in Mexico

34
Q

New international division of labor

A

Transfer of some type of jobs, low skilled jobs going to LDC while high skilled jobs say in MDC

35
Q

Outsourcing

A

A decision by a Corp to turn over much of the responsibility from production to independent suppliers

36
Q

Non point source pollution

A

Pollution originated from large diffuse area

37
Q

Point source pollution

A

Polluted from specific place

38
Q

Post Fordist production

A

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules such as allocation of worker to teams that perform a variety of task

39
Q

Right to work laws

A

A us law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contact that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment

40
Q

Site factors

A

Location factors related to the cost of factors of production. Inside a plant such as :
Land labor and capital

41
Q

Situation factors

A

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into ad from a factory

42
Q

Vertical integration

A

An approach typical o traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of highly complex production process

43
Q

Basic industries

A

Industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settle ment

44
Q

Business services

A

Services that primarily meet the need of other business, including professional, financial, an transportation services

45
Q

Central place

A

A market center for the exchange of service by people attracted from the surrounding area

46
Q

Central place theory

A

Theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers o market areas for services;
Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further

47
Q

City state

A

A sovereign state comprising a city as its immediate hinterland

48
Q

Clustered rural settlement

A

A rural settlement in which the houses and farm building of each family are situated close to each other with field surrounding the settlement

49
Q

Consumer service

A

Business that provides services primarily to individual consumers including retail services and education health and leisure activities

50
Q

Dispersed rural settlement

A

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

51
Q

Economic base

A

A community collection of basic industry

52
Q

Enclosure movement

A

The process of consolidating small landholding into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteen century

53
Q

Gravity model

A

A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a lava toon and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the services

54
Q

Market area (hinterland)

A

Te surrounding a central place from which people are attracted to use the place’s goods and services

55
Q

Nonbasic industries

A

Industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community

56
Q

Primate city

A

The largest settlement in a country, is 2x larger population than the 2nd largest country

57
Q

Primate city rule

A

A pattern of settlement last in a country such that the largest settlement has nor ethane rice as many people as the second largest ranking settlement

58
Q

Public service

A

Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

59
Q

Range of services

A

Maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

60
Q

Rank size rule

A

A pattern of settlement

The nth largest settlement is 1/nth the population of the largest settlement

61
Q

Service

A

Any activities that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

62
Q

Urbanization

A

Increase percentage of people living in urban settlements

Ap Huge (10 decks)

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