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Ap Huge > Chapter 1-3 Mc > Flashcards

Chapter 1-3 Mc Flashcards

1
Q

Map is

A

A two dimensional or flat scale model of the earths surface or a portrait of it

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2
Q

Cartography is the

A

Science of mapmaking

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3
Q

Map are used as both a —– tool and a ——— tool

A

Reference tool and communications tool

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4
Q

Map scale is

A

The level of detail and the amount of area covered on a map

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5
Q

Ratio or fraction shows

A

The numerical ratio between distances on the map and the earth surface

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6
Q

Written scale is

A

The relationship between map and earth distances in words

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7
Q

Graphic scale

A

Usually shows a bar line marked to show distance on earths surface

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8
Q

Projection is

A

Scientific method of transferring locations on earths surface to a flat map

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9
Q

Robinson projection

A

Useful for displaying info across ocean, disadvantage land areas are smaller, 4 types of distortion ( globe turned flat )

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10
Q

Mercator porjection

A

Shape is distorted very little, direction is consistent, map is rectangular, distorted at poles (good for sailors)

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11
Q

What are the four types of distortion

A

Shape
Distance
Relative size
Direction

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12
Q

A meridian is

A

a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth’s surface and the terrestrial poles. ( arc drawn b/w north and south poles; going up)

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13
Q

Longitude is

A

A numbering system that the location of each meridian is identified on the earth surface (angular distance of a place east or west) expressed in degrees or minutes

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14
Q

Prime meridian is

A

The meridian that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwich England ( 0 degree longitude )

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15
Q

A parallel is

A

a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to meridian

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16
Q

Latitude is

A

The numbering system to indicate a location of a parallel

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17
Q

One hour of time is equivalent to

A

Fifteen degrees longitude

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18
Q

Greenwich mean time or universal time is

A

The time at the prime meridian 0 longitude and is the reference time for all points on earth

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19
Q

International date line is

A

It follows180 degrees longitude

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20
Q

move clock backwards 24 hour if your are heading

A

Eastward toward America

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21
Q

If you are heading westward toward Asia you move the clock

A

24 hours ahead

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22
Q

Global Positioning System gps

A

A sytem that accurately determines the precise position of something on the earth

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23
Q

Geographic information system gis

A

Computer system that captures and stores data, quarries, analyzes and displays geographic data

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24
Q

What is place

A

A specified point on earth distinguished by a particular characteristic

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25
Q

Sense of place is

A

A feeling for the features that contribute to the distinctiveness of a particular spot on earth

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26
Q

Location is

A

The position that something occupies on earth surface

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27
Q

Toponym is

A

A name given to a place on earth

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28
Q

Site is

A

The physical characteristics of a place

Ex: climate soil vegetation elevation topography

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29
Q

A region is

A

A area of earth defined by one ore more distinctive characteristics

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30
Q

Culture landscape is

A

A combination of culture features such as language religion economic features and physical features

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31
Q

Culture landscape approach or regional studies approach is

A

An area fashioned from nature by a culture group

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32
Q

A formal region (uniform region) is

A

An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinct characteristics (language)

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33
Q

Functional region (nodal region)

A

an area organized around a node or a focal point (tv reception area from tv station)

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34
Q

A vernacular region (perceptual region)

A

An area that people believe exist as a part o their culture identity

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35
Q

Mental map is

A

Internal representation of a portions of earths surface (personal impressions)

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36
Q

Culture is

A

The body of customary beliefs material traits and social forms that together constitute the distance tradition of a group of people

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37
Q

Geography is

A

The study of where things are found on the earths surface and the reasons for their location

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38
Q

Scale is

A

The relationship b/w the portion of the earth being studied and the earth as a whole

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39
Q

Globalization is

A

A force or process that involves entire world and results in making something world wide in scope

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40
Q

Housing bubble

A

Rapid increase in the value of houses by sharp decline in their value

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41
Q

Space refers

A

To the physical gap or interval b/w two objects

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42
Q

Distribution is

A

The arrangement of a feature in space

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43
Q

Density is

A

The frequency w/ which something occurs in space

involves number of feature and land area

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44
Q

Concentration is

A

The extent of a features spread over space

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45
Q

Pattern is the

A

Geometric arrangement of objects in space

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46
Q

Behavioral geography is

A

Branch of human geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basics for human action

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47
Q

Humanistic geography

A

Emphasizes the different ways individuals perceive their surroundings

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48
Q

Poststructuralist geography is

A

Emphasizes the need to understand multiple perspectives regarding space

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49
Q

Connection is

A

The relationship among people and the objects across the barrier of space

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50
Q

Hearth is

A

A place from which an innovation originates

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51
Q

Diffusion is

A

The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time

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52
Q

Relocation diffusion is

A

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place o another

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53
Q

Expansion diffusion is

A

The spread of a feature from on place to another in an additive process
Hierarchical diffusion
Contagious diffusion
Stimulus diffusion

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54
Q

Hierarchical diffusion is

A

The spread of an idea from person or nodes of authority or power to other persons places

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55
Q

Contagious diffusion is

A

The rapid, wide spread diffusion of characteristics throughout the population

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56
Q

Stimulus diffusion is

A

The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse

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57
Q

Distance decay

A

Is the phenomenon that contact diminishes w/ increasing distance and eventually disappears

58
Q

Space time comparison

A

Describes the reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place

59
Q

Network

A

Is a chain of communication that connects places

60
Q

Digital subscribes line

A

Cable line or other service

61
Q

Uneven development

A

Increasing gap in economic conditions b/w regions in the core and periphery that results from globalization of the economy

62
Q

Resources

A

Stuff that is in the environment that is useful to people

63
Q

Substance is

A

Merely part of nature until a society has use for it

64
Q

Renewable resources

A

Produced in nature more rapidly then it is consumed by humans

65
Q

Non renewable resources

A

Produce in nature more slowly then consumed by humans

66
Q

Sustainability is the

A

Use of earth resources so that there is some available in the future

67
Q

Conservation

A

Is the sustainable use and management of resources

68
Q

Preservation is

A

The maintenance of resources

69
Q

Biologically productive land is

A

Amount of land required to produce the resources currently consumed

70
Q

Cultural ecology

A

Study of human environmental relationships

71
Q

Environmental determination

A

Belief that physical environment caused social development

72
Q

Possibilism

A

Physical environment may limit some human actions

73
Q

Polder is

A

A piece of land that is created by draining water from the area

74
Q

Demography is

A

Scientific study of population characteristics

75
Q

Census

A

Amount of people that are counted for population

76
Q

Ecumen

A

Portion of earths surface occupied by permanent human settlement

77
Q

Density

A

Number of people occupying an area o land

78
Q

Arable land

A

Land suited for agriculture

79
Q

Arithmetic density

A

Total number of objects in an area

People/ land area

80
Q

Physiological density

A

The number of people supported by a unit of arable land

81
Q

Agricultural density

A

Is the ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land

82
Q

Crude birth rate

A

Total number of love births in a year for every 1000 people alive in society

83
Q

Crude death rate

A

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in society

84
Q

Natural increase rate

A

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

Cbr-CDr

85
Q

Doubling time

A

The number of years needed to double a population

86
Q

Total fertility rate

A

The average number of children a women will have throughout her child bearing years (15-45)
SS AFRICA 5.0 high
Most European below 2.0 or equal to

87
Q

Developed country have

A

Lower rates of natural increase, crude birth rate and total fertility (developing has the opposite)

88
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Is the number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in productive years

89
Q

Sex ratio

A

Number of males per 100 females in a population

90
Q

Developed countries have more females than males

True or false

A

True

91
Q

Demographic transition

A

Process of change in a society’s populations fertility rate, mortality rate and natural increase rate in a country over time

92
Q

Stage 1 of demographic transition

Low growth

A

Very high birth and death rates
No long term natural increase
Early human history

93
Q

Stage 2 demographic transition

High growth

A

Rapidly declining death rate
Very high birth rates
Very high natural increase rate

94
Q

Europe and American enters stage 2 in the 1750 cause of the

A

Industrial revolution

95
Q

Transition between 2 and 3 occurs when

A

Crude death rate drops sharply

96
Q

Stage 3 of demographic transition

Decreasing growth

A

Birth rate rapidly declines
Death rate keep dropping rapidly
Natural increase rates begin to moderate
Because people don’t have babies

97
Q

Stage 4 of demographic transition

Low growth

A

Very low birth rate and death rates
Produce virtually no long term natural increase and a possibly decrease
Cbr equal CDr and NIR is zero

98
Q

Malthus predictions state that

A

Population increase outnumbering food supply

99
Q

Stage 5 demographic transition

Decline

A

Low cbr
Increasing CDr
Negative NIR

100
Q

Epidemiological transition

A

Health threats in each stage of demographic transition

101
Q

Epidemiology

A

Branch of medical science that aid control of disease

102
Q

What happens in diseases in each stage

A 
Stage 1 famine 
Stage 2 receding pandemic 
Stage 3 human created disease 
Stage 4 delayed degenerative disease 
Stage 5 returning of disease
103
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age compared to total live births

104
Q

Emigration

A

Migration from a location

105
Q

Immigration

A

Migration to a location

106
Q

Net migration

A

Difference between number of immigrants and number of emigrants

107
Q

Migration

A

specific type of relocation to a new location

108
Q

Mobility

A

All types of movement from one place to another

109
Q

Circulation

A

Short term repetitive movements that re occur

110
Q

Most people migrate to look for

A

Economical freedom
Cultural freedom
Environmental comfort

111
Q

Migration transition

A

Change in migration pattern in a society that results from social economic change

112
Q

People around the world usually migrate from rural areas to

A

Rural to urban

113
Q

Us immigration in 17 and 18 cent

A

Britain and Irish

Slaves

114
Q

Us immigration mid 19 early 20 cent

A

Mass European migration

115
Q

Late 20th and 21 cent

A

Asian and Latin America

116
Q

Forward capital

A

Symbolically move of capital

117
Q

Population center

A

Average population of everyone in country

118
Q

Us migrated interregional in what direction

A

Toward the west

119
Q

Developed countries migrate from Urban to

A

Urban to suburban

120
Q

Counter Urbanization

A

Net migration from urban areas to rural areas

121
Q

Rocky Mountain states are

A

Colorado Idaho Utah Wyoming

122
Q

In 1890 most immigrants came form to the us

A

east and west Europe

123
Q

Sun belt includes which states

A

Texas California Florida

Stretches across southeast to south west

124
Q

Rust belt is what states regions

A

Northeastern
Great Lakes
Mid west

125
Q

Push factor

A

Induces people to move out of their present location

126
Q

Pull factor

A

Indices people to move into a new location

127
Q

3 major kinds of push pull factors

A

Economic political and environmental

128
Q

Refugee

A

Forced migrant form another country to avoid political conflict or other disasters and cannot return because of being persecuted

129
Q

Internationally displaced person

A

Forced migrant l for similar reasons as refugee but has not migrated across the border yet

130
Q

Asylum seeker

A

Someone who’s has migrated I another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee

131
Q

Guest worker

A

Immigrant from poor country going temporarily to obtain jobs in other country

132
Q

Intervening obstacle

A

Environmental or political feature that hinders migration

Passport mountains wars extra

133
Q

Brain drain

A

Large scale emigration by talented people

134
Q

Chain migration

A

Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

135
Q

Unauthorized immigration

A

Those who immigrate illegally who dont have document

136
Q

Isolines map

A

Shows changes in elevation

136
Q

Proportional symbols map

A

Indicate relative magnitude of some value

136
Q

Dot maps

A

Used points to show location of specific observation

136
Q

Choropleth map

A

Use colors or tonal shading to represent category

136
Q

Cartogram map

A

Transform size to reflect magnitude of value

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