Chapter 9 & 10, Intelligence, general ability, achievement and aptitude testing

Question 1

Intelligence is:

Answer 1

Ability to learn from experience
*Ability to adapt to the environment.

Question 2

Spearman’s model - a general ability factor (g) factor

Answer 2

Influence/Impacts a person’s performance on all intellectual tasks.

Question 3

*Verbal comprehension
* Word fluency (quicky naming words in a category)
* Number (speed and accuracy of simple computation)
* Space (visualize three-dimensional objects disassembled or rotated)
* Associative memory (rote memory – pairs of unrelated items)
* Perceptual speed (finding similarities and differences)
* Inductive reasoning (finding a principal or rule and applying it, such as a number sequence)

Answer 3

Thurnstone Primary Mental Abilities (7)

Question 4

*g composed of two factors:
* Fluid abilities (Gf): Considered biological, culture free (aim to remove this factor from testing), are mostly non-verbal. Consists of inductive and deductive reasoning, drawing inferences, reasoning, understanding implications.
* Crystal abilities (Gc): Oral fluency, communication ability, verbal and
cultural knowledge.
* Strong correlation 0.5 between Gf and Gc.

Answer 4

Cattell-Horn-Carroll

Question 5

Measures:
*Fluid reasoning (verbal and non-verbal problem solving using inductive and
deductive reasoning).
* Knowledge (measures accumulated knowledge)
* Quantitative reasoning (numbers and numerical problem solving)
* Visual-Spatial Processing (ability to see patterns, relationships)
* Working Memory (short term processing of verbal and visual information)

Answer 5

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Question 6

Measures
*Cognitive ability, Achievement AND Oral Language.
* Helpful for diagnosis of learning disability, cognitive and language functioning.
* Uses Cattell–Horn–Carroll-model – measures Gf and Gc
* Achievement section measures academic achievement (reading, writing, spelling
and math)
* Also measures oral language proficiency.

Answer 6

Woodcock Johnson IV

Question 7

Rise in intelligence score in recent years

Answer 7

Flynn Effect (parenting, opportunity,
changes in education)

Question 8

Environmental Effects on Intelligence

Answer 8

*significant early neglect and trauma can adversely impact cognitive
development
*Exposure to toxins (FASD)
*Ethnic differences
*Flynn effect – increases in IQ over time (parenting, opportunity,
changes in education)

Question 9

Intelligence and genetics:

Answer 9

Combination of genetics and environment