Chapter 9 & 10

Question 1

Between ___% and ____% of an adult’s weight is fluid

Answer 1

Between 50% and 70%

Question 2

2/3 of an adult’s weight fluid is

Answer 2

Intracellular

Question 3

1/3 of an adult’s weight fluid is

Answer 3

Extracellular

Question 4

Aldosterone function

Answer 4

Stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium

Question 5

Hypothalamus function

Answer 5

Triggers thirst by sensing increased solute concentration

Question 6

Antidiuretic hormone function

Answer 6

Stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

Question 7

Kidney function

Answer 7

Adjusts urine volume and concentration in response to blood volume and blood pressure

Question 8

Electrolyte functions

Answer 8

Regulation of fluid balance, trigger action potentials, and stimulate muscle contraction

Question 9

3 primary sources of fluid

Answer 9

Drinks, food, and production of metabolic water

Question 10

DRI for water for men aged 19-50 years is ___ L of total water per day and for women aged 19-50 years is ___

Answer 10

Male - 3.7 L

Female - 2.7 L

Question 11

Increasing the mineral ________ and decreasing the mineral ________ can reduce your risk of high blood pressure

Answer 11

Increase potassium and decrease sodium

Question 12

A free radical is…

Answer 12

A molecule in the body that is unstable due to an unpaired electron which makes it highly reactive. This molecule finds an electron from a nearby molecule which can cause damage to the body’s cells

Question 13

Antioxidants’ job is to…

Answer 13

Help to stabilize free radicals and protect the cells from damage

Question 14

Antioxidant vitamins

Answer 14

Donate electrons or hydrogen atoms

Question 15

Phytochemicals are…

Answer 15

Beneficial plant chemicals that stabilize free radicals

Question 16

Antioxidant minerals

Answer 16

Act as cofactors within antioxidant enzyme systems

Question 17

Vitamin C characteristics

Answer 17

• The RDA for smokers is 35 mg high when compared to non-smokers
• Aids in the synthesis of collagen
• Highly concentrated in many fruits and vegetables

Question 18

Vitamin E characteristics

Answer 18

• Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids by donating an electron to free radicals
• Good sources include almond and sunflower seeds

Question 19

Preformed vitamin A characteristics

Answer 19

• Plays a key role in vision
• Found in eggs and dairy products
• Highly toxic. Supplements can cause birth defects in pregnancy

Question 20

Beta-carotene characteristics

Answer 20

• A provitamin
• Found in dark orange and yellow produce
• Can turn you yellow or orange if consumed in excess

Question 21

Phytochemicals help with…

Answer 21

• Act as antivirals reducing illness
• Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s by reducing inflammation
• Modulating lipids resulting in a lower risk of heart disease

Question 22

Three stages of cancer

Answer 22

Inititiation, promotion, and progression

Question 23

When cells are mutated and either are self-repaired, self-destructed, or destroyed by the body’s immune system

Answer 23

Initiation

Question 24

When a mutated cell begins to divide and multiply until a noticeable tumor is created.

Answer 24

Promotion

Question 25

The final stage of cancer in which the cells begin to grow out of control and cause serious problems.

Answer 25

Progression

Question 26

Foods that protect against cancer are high in

Answer 26

• antioxidant micronutrients
• phytochemicals
• fiber