Chapter 9 & 10 Flashcards
Between ___% and ____% of an adult’s weight is fluid
Between 50% and 70%
2/3 of an adult’s weight fluid is
Intracellular
1/3 of an adult’s weight fluid is
Extracellular
Aldosterone function
Stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium
Hypothalamus function
Triggers thirst by sensing increased solute concentration
Antidiuretic hormone function
Stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys
Kidney function
Adjusts urine volume and concentration in response to blood volume and blood pressure
Electrolyte functions
Regulation of fluid balance, trigger action potentials, and stimulate muscle contraction
3 primary sources of fluid
Drinks, food, and production of metabolic water
DRI for water for men aged 19-50 years is ___ L of total water per day and for women aged 19-50 years is ___
Male - 3.7 L
Female - 2.7 L
Increasing the mineral ________ and decreasing the mineral ________ can reduce your risk of high blood pressure
Increase potassium and decrease sodium
A free radical is…
A molecule in the body that is unstable due to an unpaired electron which makes it highly reactive. This molecule finds an electron from a nearby molecule which can cause damage to the body’s cells
Antioxidants’ job is to…
Help to stabilize free radicals and protect the cells from damage
Antioxidant vitamins
Donate electrons or hydrogen atoms
Phytochemicals are…
Beneficial plant chemicals that stabilize free radicals
Antioxidant minerals
Act as cofactors within antioxidant enzyme systems
Vitamin C characteristics
- The RDA for smokers is 35 mg high when compared to non-smokers
- Aids in the synthesis of collagen
- Highly concentrated in many fruits and vegetables
Vitamin E characteristics
- Protects polyunsaturated fatty acids by donating an electron to free radicals
- Good sources include almond and sunflower seeds
Preformed vitamin A characteristics
- Plays a key role in vision
- Found in eggs and dairy products
- Highly toxic. Supplements can cause birth defects in pregnancy
Beta-carotene characteristics
- A provitamin
- Found in dark orange and yellow produce
- Can turn you yellow or orange if consumed in excess
Phytochemicals help with…
- Act as antivirals reducing illness
- Reduced risk of Alzheimer’s by reducing inflammation
- Modulating lipids resulting in a lower risk of heart disease
Three stages of cancer
Inititiation, promotion, and progression
When cells are mutated and either are self-repaired, self-destructed, or destroyed by the body’s immune system
Initiation
When a mutated cell begins to divide and multiply until a noticeable tumor is created.
Promotion
The final stage of cancer in which the cells begin to grow out of control and cause serious problems.
Progression
Foods that protect against cancer are high in
- antioxidant micronutrients
- phytochemicals
- fiber
