Chapter 11 & 12

Question 1

What affects bioavailability of calcium?

Answer 1

Age, consumption of foods containing phytates, and the amount of calcium consumed at one time

Question 2

What limits vitamin D synthesis?

Answer 2

Sunscreen with an SPF of 8 or more and older age

Question 3

When calcium intake is inadequate…

Answer 3

The body pulls calcium from the bones to maintain blood levels & the intestines, bones and kidneys work together to maintain calcium levels

Question 4

Vitamin D rich foods (3)

Answer 4

Fortified Milk, fatty fish, and mushrooms

Question 5

Vitamin D deficiencies

Answer 5

• Rickets
• Osteoporosis
• Osteomalacia

Question 6

Vitamin K role

Answer 6

Serves as a coenzyme during the production of proteins that play a role in bone metabolism

Question 7

Fluoride role

Answer 7

Stimulates new bone growth

Question 8

Magnesium role

Answer 8

Influences the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 9

Phosphorus role

Answer 9

Combines with calcium to form hydroxyapatite

Question 10

Iron plays a key role in the transport of ______ throughout the body

Answer 10

Oxygen

Question 11

The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells

Answer 11

Hemoglobin

Question 12

The oxygen-carrying protein in the muscles

Answer 12

Myoglobin

Question 13

Iron regulation determines that…

Answer 13

A person with low iron status will absorb more iron than a person with adequate iron levels and there is an adjustment in iron absorption based on the amount of iron consumed

Question 14

Iron found only in animal-based foods and easiest to absorb

Answer 14

Heme iron

Question 15

Iron found in both plant and animal-based foods

Answer 15

Nonheme iron

Question 16

Factors that increase non-heme iron absorption:

Answer 16

Meat factor & vitamin C

Question 17

Factors that decrease non-heme iron absorption:

Answer 17

Phytates & calcium

Question 18

The hereditary disorder that can lead to iron overload

Answer 18

Hemochromatosis

Question 19

Characteristics of Stage 1 iron deficiency

Answer 19

Hemoglobin levels are not impacted but there is a decrease in the storage iron

Question 20

Characteristics of Stage 2 iron deficiency

Answer 20

Transferrin levels drop and the ability to make red blood cells is impaired

Question 21

Characteristics of Stage 3 iron deficiency

Answer 21

Red blood cells are small and cannot carry oxygen. Pallor, fatigue, and impaired immune function result

Question 22

Zinc role

Answer 22

Required for synthesis of the heme structure in hemoglobin

Question 23

Copper role

Answer 23

Plays a key role in iron transport via the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron

Question 24

Folate role

Answer 24

Essential to the synthesis of red blood cells

Question 25

Vitamin B12 role

Answer 25

Works with folate to ensure proper formation of red blood cells

Question 26

During pregnancy, the RDA for folate increases from ____ micrograms to ____ micrograms

Answer 26

400 micrograms to 600 micrograms

Question 27

Consuming the correct amount of folate during pregnancy is key in helping prevent…

Answer 27

Neural tube defects