Chapter 11 & 12 Flashcards
What affects bioavailability of calcium?
Age, consumption of foods containing phytates, and the amount of calcium consumed at one time
What limits vitamin D synthesis?
Sunscreen with an SPF of 8 or more and older age
When calcium intake is inadequate…
The body pulls calcium from the bones to maintain blood levels & the intestines, bones and kidneys work together to maintain calcium levels
Vitamin D rich foods (3)
Fortified Milk, fatty fish, and mushrooms
Vitamin D deficiencies
- Rickets
- Osteoporosis
- Osteomalacia
Vitamin K role
Serves as a coenzyme during the production of proteins that play a role in bone metabolism
Fluoride role
Stimulates new bone growth
Magnesium role
Influences the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals
Phosphorus role
Combines with calcium to form hydroxyapatite
Iron plays a key role in the transport of ______ throughout the body
Oxygen
The oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
The oxygen-carrying protein in the muscles
Myoglobin
Iron regulation determines that…
A person with low iron status will absorb more iron than a person with adequate iron levels and there is an adjustment in iron absorption based on the amount of iron consumed
Iron found only in animal-based foods and easiest to absorb
Heme iron
Iron found in both plant and animal-based foods
Nonheme iron
Factors that increase non-heme iron absorption:
Meat factor & vitamin C
Factors that decrease non-heme iron absorption:
Phytates & calcium
The hereditary disorder that can lead to iron overload
Hemochromatosis
Characteristics of Stage 1 iron deficiency
Hemoglobin levels are not impacted but there is a decrease in the storage iron
Characteristics of Stage 2 iron deficiency
Transferrin levels drop and the ability to make red blood cells is impaired
Characteristics of Stage 3 iron deficiency
Red blood cells are small and cannot carry oxygen. Pallor, fatigue, and impaired immune function result
Zinc role
Required for synthesis of the heme structure in hemoglobin
Copper role
Plays a key role in iron transport via the oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron
Folate role
Essential to the synthesis of red blood cells
Vitamin B12 role
Works with folate to ensure proper formation of red blood cells
During pregnancy, the RDA for folate increases from ____ micrograms to ____ micrograms
400 micrograms to 600 micrograms
Consuming the correct amount of folate during pregnancy is key in helping prevent…
Neural tube defects
