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PPL Course - (3) Navigation and Meteorology > Chapter 8.9 - Aviation MET Services > Flashcards

Chapter 8.9 - Aviation MET Services Flashcards

1
Q

Define Forecasts?

A

Estimates of the future weather.

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2
Q

Define Weather Reports?

A

Actual weather conditions existing at the time of the report.

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3
Q

Define Synoptic Charts?

A

Actual weather and Forecast charts for Sea Level and Upper Levels.

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4
Q

Define MET Broadcasts?

A

Actual/Forecast Conditions.

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5
Q

Define MET Advice?

A

Warning of hazardous weather.

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6
Q

What does ARFOR stand for?

A

Area Forecast.

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7
Q

What does TAF stand for?

A

Aerodrome/Terminal Area Forecast.

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8
Q

What does TTF stand for?

A

Trend Forecast.

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9
Q

What are the six different Cloud Amount abbreviations?

A
  • SKC = Sky Clear.
  • FEW = Few Clouds.
  • SCT = Scattered Clouds.
  • BKN = Broken Clouds.
  • OVC = Overcast Clouds.
  • CAVOK = Ceiling and Visibility OK.
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10
Q

What are the three abbreviations for describing Thunderstorm Cells in Cumulonimbus Clouds?

A
  • ISOL = Isolated (individual CBs).
  • OCNL = Occasional (well separated CBs).
  • FREQ = Frequent (little to no separation CBs).
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11
Q

What are the two significant-variation abbreviations used in Forecasts?

A
  • TEMPO = Temporary.

- INTER = Intermittent Nature.

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12
Q

How long does TEMPO last for in Forecasts?

A

30-60 minutes.

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13
Q

How long does INTER last for in Forecasts?

A

Less than 30 minutes.

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14
Q

What are the two significant change abbreviations used in Forecasts?

A
  • FM = From.

- BECMG = Becoming.

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15
Q

When would FM be used in Forecasts?

A

A rapid change is expected at a specific time.

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16
Q

When would BECMG be used in Forecasts?

A

A change is expected to develop over the specified period.

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17
Q

What is the Visibility abbreviation used in Forecasts?

A

GOOD = Visibility over 10km for entire forecast area.

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18
Q

True or False. Before commencing a flight, Pilots are required to study all available information of current weather reports and forecasts?

A

True.

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19
Q

Name two implications for VFR flights when using Forecasts?

A
  • VMC is possible along the proposed route.

- Plan an alternate aerodrome if weather is below minima for VFR.

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20
Q

The minimum forecast requirement for VFR flights is what?

A

An Area Forecast (ARFOR).

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21
Q

True of False. Area Forecasts (ARFORs) doesn’t have to be valid for the planned period of a flight?

A

False.

22
Q

Aerodrome Forecasts (TAFs) for destination and alternate must be valid for what periods?

A

30mins before and 60mins after planned ETA.

23
Q

Name two requirements for VFR?

A
  • VMC by day.

- Reference to ground/water at 2000 ft AGL.

24
Q

Name two navigational requirements for VFR?

A
  • By visual reference to ground/water.

- By use of radionavigation aids.

25
Q

A Pilot is required to do what when navigating by visual reference?

A

To have positive visual fixes at least every 30 minutes.

26
Q

True or False. All heights in ARFORs are related to Ground Level?

A

False. Mean Sea Level.

27
Q

Area Forecasts are generally valid for how long?

A

12hrs.

28
Q

True or False. Wind Velocity in ARFORs are given in °M and standard heights in AGL?

A

False. °T and AMSL.

29
Q

How are positive and negative temperatures given in ARFORs (2)?

A
  • Positive = PS.

- Negative = MS.

30
Q

Name four cloud information given in ARFORs?

A
  • Cloud Amount (OKTAs).
  • Cloud Type.
  • Cloud Base.
  • Height of Cloud Tops (AMSL).
31
Q

What does RA, DZ, SH and TS stand for?

A
  • Rain.
  • Drizzle.
  • Shower.
  • Thunderstorms.
32
Q

What does SN and GR stand for?

A
  • Snow.

- Hail.

33
Q

What does FG and BR stand for?

A
  • Fog.

- Mist.

34
Q

What does HZ, DU and FU stand for?

A
  • Haze.
  • Dust.
  • Smoke.
35
Q

What does SHRA stand for?

A

Showers of Rain.

36
Q

What does TSRAGR stand for?

A

Thunderstorms, Rain and Hail.

37
Q

Freezing level is given in what measurement in ARFORs?

A

Feet AMSL.

38
Q

How can you work out a certain Temperature at a different height using only Freezing Level?

A

Freezing Level divided by 1000ft, then multiple by 2°C (ISA Temperature Lapse Rate).

39
Q

Name the abbreviations used in Icing and Turbulence in ARFORs (3)?

A
  • FBL = Light.
  • MOD = Moderate.
  • SEV = Severe.
40
Q

TAF is a statement of expected meteorology conditions for a specified period in the Airspace within a radius of ‘x’ from the centre of the aerodrome. What is x?

A

5 NM.

41
Q

An alternate aerodrome must be nominated when arrival at destination experiences marginal weather. How long is this period for?

A

30 minutes before and after marginal weather occurs at original destination.

42
Q

True or False. The 30 minute buffer applies if a Pilot is using a TTF?

A

False. However, flight must be completed within the time validity of TTF.

43
Q

Which three forecast conditions are used when CAVOK is used?

A
  • Visibility of 10km or more.
  • Nil Significant Cloud.
  • Nil Significant Weather.
44
Q

Name three different types of Meteorological/Weather Reports?

A
  • Aerodrome Weather Reports.
  • Takeoff and Landing Reports.
  • Aircraft Weather Reports.
45
Q

What does SIGMET stand for?

A

Significant Meteorological Information.

46
Q

What does AIRMET stand for?

A

Airmen’s Meteorological Information.

47
Q

What does ATIS stand for?

A

Automatic Terminal Information Service.

48
Q

What does AERIS stand for?

A

Automatic En Route Information Service.

49
Q

What does AWIS stand for?

A

Automatic Weather Service.

50
Q

What does VOLMET stand for?

A

MET Information for Aircraft in Flight.

51
Q

When should ATIS be obtained in Class C Aerodromes for Departures and Arrivals (2)?

A
  • Departures = Prior to First Radio Contact.

- Arrivals = Before First Contact.

52
Q

When should ATIS be obtained in Class D Aerodromes for Departures and Arrivals (2)?

A
  • Departures = Prior to Taxi.

- Arrivals = Before First Contact.

PPL Course - (3) Navigation and Meteorology (23 decks)

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