Chapter 7.7 - Visual Pilot Navigation Flashcards
What does DR stand for in Flight Planning?
Dead Reckoning.
The Track Plot can only be used to find what if the heading has remained constant between two ground positions (2)?
- Find a DR position.
- Check groundspeed.
What does FPT and FPH stand for?
- Flight Planned Track.
- Flight Planned Heading.
The angular difference between track made good and flight planned track is called what?
Track Error (TE).
The angular difference between the trade made good and the new track required to make good destination is called what?
Track Correction Angle (TCA).
If the TE is estimated as 5°L and the CA is 3°L, what is the TCA?
8°R.
True or False. When a pinpoint indicates that an Aircraft is early or late. The estimate for the next turning point/destination doesn’t have to be amended?
False. It must be amended.
What Proportional Markers are recommended for a flight plan?
One third markers.
Which markers should be used at all times for a flight plan?
Distance Markers.
Name two Visual Position Lines which help with VFR Pilot Navigation?
- Ground Features.
- Transit Bearings.
What is Mean Wind Velocity?
The average wind acting on an Aircraft for a period of time.
Name two main causes of poor navigation?
- Heading.
- Airspeed.
During Pre-Takeoff, what should the Altimeter be set to?
Local QNH.
During Pre-Takeoff, what should the Directional Indicator be aligned to?
Compass.
During Departure and Climb, what three things should be actioned by a Pilot?
- Set Heading accurately from a given point.
- Log time of Departure.
- Log time at Top of Climb.
During En Route, what five things should be actioned by a Pilot?
- Map read from map to ground to obtain pinpoints.
- Maintain accurate track plot by logging all pinpoints along with the time.
- Correct track error to make good destination.
- Revise ETA.
- Log all heading and altitude changes.
During Descent, what two things should be actioned by a Pilot?
- Observe any CTA/Safety Height Limits.
- Commence descent to arrive at destination at correct altitude for circuit.
During Approach, what two things should be actioned by a Pilot?
- Observe ATC restrictions.
- Obtain Aerodrome and Weather Data.
What tolerance is accepted for Heading in Navigation?
+/- 2°.
What tolerance is accepted for Altitude in Navigation?
+/- 200 feet.
What tolerance is accepted for Speed in Navigation?
+/- 5 kt IAS.
What tolerance is accepted for ETA in Navigation?
+/- 2 minutes.
What does CLEARO stand for?
- Compass.
- Log.
- Engine.
- Altimetry.
- Radio.
- Orientation.
CLEARO: What needs to be checked with Compass?
Checking the Compass is aligned with Directional Indicator.
CLEARO: What needs to be checked with Log?
Maintain it’s up to date.
CLEARO: What needs to be checked with Engine (5)?
- Correct Power Settings.
- Mixture Lean.
- Temperature and Pressure are Normal.
- Fuel Content and Selection.
- Endurance and Fuel Consumption.
CLEARO: What needs to be checked with Altimetry (4)?
- Altimeter to Correct Setting.
- At Cleared/Planned Level.
- Clear of Clouds.
- Clear of Controlled/Restriction Airspace.
CLEARO: What needs to be checked with Radio (3)?
- Radio Tuned and Set to Correct Frequencies.
- Position Reports.
- Maintain Listening Watch.
Name three minimum requirements for Pilot Navigation Log?
- Time.
- Pinpoint.
- Heading.
Name three optional requirements for Pilot Navigation Log?
- Groundspeed.
- Indicated Airspeed.
- Altitude.
Prior to aligning the Directional Indicator with the Compass, how can a Pilot check the accuracy before Takeoff?
Check it matches the direction of the Runway.
An Aircraft should be established on a planned track as soon as possible after takeoff once the Aircraft is what position (2)?
- 500 feet AGL.
- Before 5NM from Aerodrome.
Name two departure routes from a non-towered aerodrome?
- En-route Departure.
- Circling Departure.
Name an advantage and disadvantage of En-route Departure (2)?
- Disadvantage = Not all non-towered aerodromes are equipped with radionavigation (NDB/VOR).
- Advantage = Not having to circle around the aerodrome which saves time.
Pilots should identify features within how many miles of the departure aerodrome?
10NM.
A departure feature is used to confirm what?
The departure track.
It is better to plan the flight so that the first pinpoint/fix is obtained once the aircraft has established on what?
Cruise.
What should be checked each time a pinpoint/fix is obtained?
ETA at destination.
What does DSPT stand for?
Descent Point.
It is a common practice to descent to a point before the destination aerodrome at 2000ft AGL. How many NM is that point from the destination?
3.
When Navigating to Avoid Controlled Airspace, what four major aspects should a Pilot focus on while transiting a lane of entry?
- Flying Accurately.
- Vigilant Lookout.
- Maintaining Track.
- Communication.
Name two other important aspects of transiting a lane of entry?
- Maintaining Correct Height.
- Keep to the Right.
What is defined as Low-Level Navigation?
Flights below 2000ft AGL.
What does MLJR stand for?
Military Low Jet Routes.
True or False. When uncertain of position, should a Pilot make changes to the heading?
False.
How can the Directional Indicator become out-of-sync with the Magnetic Compass (2)?
- The Directional Indicator hasn’t be reset for a long period of time.
- The Instrument is malfunctioning.
What two actions should a Pilot make when lost?
- Ask ATS for Assistance.
- Calculate Safe Endurance.
Having calculated the Safe Endurance when lost, what three alternatives can a Pilot make in order to re-establish DR position (3)?
- Maintain Same Heading.
- Turn 180° to return to last fix.
- Turn towards a large feature.
