Chapter 7.3 - Direction, Position and Distance

Question 1

What is T in direction?

Answer 1

True North.

Question 2

What is M in direction?

Answer 2

Magnetic North.

Question 3

What is C in direction?

Answer 3

Compass North.

Question 4

What is R in direction?

Answer 4

Aircraft’s Longitudinal Axis.

Question 5

What are True Directions (4)?

Answer 5

• North.
• South.
• East.
• West.

Question 6

Directions measured in charts are what?

Answer 6

True Directions (North, South, East and West).

Question 7

Meridians of Longitude indicate what on Charts (2)?

Answer 7

• North.

- South.

Question 8

Parallels of Latitude indicate what on Charts (2)?

Answer 8

• West.

- East.

Question 9

What’s the difference between North Pole and Magnetic Pole?

Answer 9

Magnetic Pole isn’t fixed like True North Pole.

Question 10

What is the term given to describe the angular difference between True North and Magnetic North?

Answer 10

Variation (VAR).

Question 11

What are lines on a Chart with equal Magnetic Variation called?

Answer 11

Isogonals.

Question 12

Why is Magnetic Direction important in Navigation?

Answer 12

Because there are no instruments that senses True Direction.

Question 13

TR = 216T with 10°E. What is TR in M?

Answer 13

206M.

Question 14

TR = 358T with 5°W. What is TR in M?

Answer 14

003M.

Question 15

Bearing 153M with 8°E. Find T?

Answer 15

161T.

Question 16

Bearing 102M with 5°W. Find T?

Answer 16

097T.

Question 17

Why is Compass Direction necessary?

Answer 17

Because of minor inaccuracies due to the magnetic material and electrical interference in the Cockpit of an Aircraft.

Question 18

What is the term given to describe the angular difference between Magnetic North and the Aircraft’s Compass Needle?

Answer 18

Deviation.

Question 19

True or False. Converting Magnetic North to Compass Direction is the same as True North to Magnetic North?

Answer 19

True.

Question 20

It is by common sense before a flight to always to do what with the Compass?

Answer 20

Check the deviation card.

Question 21

What is the maximum deviation allowed before a ‘main’ direct-reading Compass is unserviceable?

Answer 21

5°.

Question 22

What is the maximum deviation allowed before a ‘standby’ direct-reading Compass is unserviceable?

Answer 22

10°.

Question 23

What is the maximum deviation allowed before a gyro-stabilised remote-reading Compass is unserviceable?

Answer 23

2°.

Question 24

True or False. Never ignore a deviation for a Compass if it’s more than 2° or 3°?

Answer 24

True.

Question 25

What’s the equation for working out Compass/True?

Answer 25

Compass +/- Deviation = Magnetic +/- Variation = True.

Question 26

What is the Compass Direction for the below? T = 045°, VAR 10°E and DEV 5°W?

Answer 26

045°T – (+10°E) = 035°M – (-5°W) = 040°C.

Question 27

Which is the shortest distance, a curved line or a straight line in Navigation?

Answer 27

Curved Line.

Question 28

What does GC stand for?

Answer 28

Great Circle.

Question 29

Define GC?

Answer 29

Any circle drawn on the Earth’s surface whose centre is the centre of the Earth.

Question 30

True or False. If an Aircraft were to fly from two points along a great circle, it will fly the shortest distance between those two points?

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

What does RL stand for?

Answer 31

Rhumb Line.

Question 32

Define RL?

Answer 32

A curved line on the Earth’s surface that has a constant angular relationship with True North.

Question 33

What is the name given to a great circle equidistant from each poles?

Answer 33

Equator.

Question 34

The great circles through the poles is also known as?

Answer 34

Meridian of Longitude.

Question 35

Small circles and the Equator is also known as?

Answer 35

Parallels of Latitude.

Question 36

The Equator is used as the reference for Latitude, this is then measured in what direction from this reference?

Answer 36

North or South.

Question 37

The Prime Meridian (GMT) is used as a reference of Longitude, this is then measured in what direction from this reference?

Answer 37

East or West.

Question 38

The unit of circular measurement used in navigation is what?

Answer 38

Degree (°).

Question 39

In Longitude and Latitude, the degree (°) is used as a unit describing what?

Answer 39

The length of arc along the Earth’s surface.

Question 40

The Degree (°) is further divided into what?

Answer 40

60 minutes.

Question 41

What does the symbol ‘ mean in describing Longitude and/or Latitude?

Answer 41

X amount of Minutes within a Degree.

Question 42

What does the symbol “ mean in describing Longitude and/or Latitude?

Answer 42

X amount of Seconds, within a Minute of a Degree.

Question 43

Which figure is always given first when describing Longitude and Latitude?

Answer 43

Latitude.

Question 44

1 NM is equal to what in Latitude?

Answer 44

1 minute of arc.

Question 45

True or False. 1 minute of Latitude is equal to 1 minute of Longitude? Explain.

Answer 45

False. Because the length of Longitude varies depending on Latitude.