Chapter 7.3 - Direction, Position and Distance Flashcards
What is T in direction?
True North.
What is M in direction?
Magnetic North.
What is C in direction?
Compass North.
What is R in direction?
Aircraft’s Longitudinal Axis.
What are True Directions (4)?
- North.
- South.
- East.
- West.
Directions measured in charts are what?
True Directions (North, South, East and West).
Meridians of Longitude indicate what on Charts (2)?
- North.
- South.
Parallels of Latitude indicate what on Charts (2)?
- West.
- East.
What’s the difference between North Pole and Magnetic Pole?
Magnetic Pole isn’t fixed like True North Pole.
What is the term given to describe the angular difference between True North and Magnetic North?
Variation (VAR).
What are lines on a Chart with equal Magnetic Variation called?
Isogonals.
Why is Magnetic Direction important in Navigation?
Because there are no instruments that senses True Direction.
TR = 216T with 10°E. What is TR in M?
206M.
TR = 358T with 5°W. What is TR in M?
003M.
Bearing 153M with 8°E. Find T?
161T.
Bearing 102M with 5°W. Find T?
097T.
Why is Compass Direction necessary?
Because of minor inaccuracies due to the magnetic material and electrical interference in the Cockpit of an Aircraft.
What is the term given to describe the angular difference between Magnetic North and the Aircraft’s Compass Needle?
Deviation.
True or False. Converting Magnetic North to Compass Direction is the same as True North to Magnetic North?
True.
It is by common sense before a flight to always to do what with the Compass?
Check the deviation card.
What is the maximum deviation allowed before a ‘main’ direct-reading Compass is unserviceable?
5°.
What is the maximum deviation allowed before a ‘standby’ direct-reading Compass is unserviceable?
10°.
What is the maximum deviation allowed before a gyro-stabilised remote-reading Compass is unserviceable?
2°.
True or False. Never ignore a deviation for a Compass if it’s more than 2° or 3°?
True.
What’s the equation for working out Compass/True?
Compass +/- Deviation = Magnetic +/- Variation = True.
What is the Compass Direction for the below?
T = 045°, VAR 10°E and DEV 5°W?
045°T – (+10°E) = 035°M – (-5°W) = 040°C.
Which is the shortest distance, a curved line or a straight line in Navigation?
Curved Line.
What does GC stand for?
Great Circle.
Define GC?
Any circle drawn on the Earth’s surface whose centre is the centre of the Earth.
True or False. If an Aircraft were to fly from two points along a great circle, it will fly the shortest distance between those two points?
True.
What does RL stand for?
Rhumb Line.
Define RL?
A curved line on the Earth’s surface that has a constant angular relationship with True North.
What is the name given to a great circle equidistant from each poles?
Equator.
The great circles through the poles is also known as?
Meridian of Longitude.
Small circles and the Equator is also known as?
Parallels of Latitude.
The Equator is used as the reference for Latitude, this is then measured in what direction from this reference?
North or South.
The Prime Meridian (GMT) is used as a reference of Longitude, this is then measured in what direction from this reference?
East or West.
The unit of circular measurement used in navigation is what?
Degree (°).
In Longitude and Latitude, the degree (°) is used as a unit describing what?
The length of arc along the Earth’s surface.
The Degree (°) is further divided into what?
60 minutes.
What does the symbol ‘ mean in describing Longitude and/or Latitude?
X amount of Minutes within a Degree.
What does the symbol “ mean in describing Longitude and/or Latitude?
X amount of Seconds, within a Minute of a Degree.
Which figure is always given first when describing Longitude and Latitude?
Latitude.
1 NM is equal to what in Latitude?
1 minute of arc.
True or False. 1 minute of Latitude is equal to 1 minute of Longitude? Explain.
False. Because the length of Longitude varies depending on Latitude.
