Chapter 7.6 - Chart Preparation and Map Reading Flashcards
What is the minimum requirement for Chart coverage?
50 NM.
In the interest of safety, which Chart coverage should a Pilot use?
100 NM.
True or False. The Planned Track doesn’t need to include the track to an alternative aerodrome?
False.
Apart from topographical charts, which other charts should be carried during flight?
- En Route Chart (ERC).
- Visual Terminal Chart (VTC).
Once selecting all necessary charts for flight, what is the next step (2)?
- Check charts are all current editions.
- Check NOTAM for selected charts.
How much contingency should be used when planning a proposed route (2)?
- 50/100 NM either side of the route.
- 50/100 NM after your destination.
What is the manageable size of a map when folded?
20/25cm by 20cm.
In an emergency, the chart can be unfolded to expose the chart detail beyond either side of the track, how many NM?
50.
What are Turning Points in a Track?
Positions where a track changes direction.
What is a Track Sector in a Track?
A section of a track between turning points.
What are Check Points in a Track?
Specified points along a track between turning points.
What are Track Error Guides/Lines?
Lines drawn from either side of a starting point on a Track.
How many degrees should be used for Track Error Guides/Lines?
10°.
What are Closing Angle Guides/Lines?
Lines drawn from either side of a finishing point on a Track.
True or False. It is wise to use different colour markers for drawing Track and Track Error/Closing Angle?
True.
Between which distances should a straight-line track be broken into legs/sectors?
70 NM to 100 NM.
When drawing a Turning Point, it is wise to draw a circle of how many NM, in order to not obscure chart information?
5 NM.
What are Track Markers used for on a Track?
To give the Heading of a particular track in Magnetic North in both directions.
What colour can be used for Track Markers?
The same as Track.
Time and Distance markers are used for checking what is accurate during Flight Planning?
Groundspeed.
What does EST stand for and its meaning?
- Estimate.
- Used for estimating the time of an Aircraft arriving over the next checkpoint.
What does ETA stand for and its meaning?
- Estimated Time of Arrival.
- Used for estimating the time of an Aircraft arriving at an aerodrome used for landing.
What are the 4 different type of markers?
- Distance.
- Proportional.
- Feature.
- Time.
Which type of marker is used the most?
Distance.
How are Distance Markers drawn across a Track?
Small markers drawn at intervals of 10 NM from departure to arrival point.
Distance markers are extremely valuable as they measure what two key features?
- Distance Flown.
- Distance to Fly.
Proportional markers can be divided into equal parts. Name them (3)?
- 1/2.
- 1/3.
- 1/4.
Which markers are recommended as the best alternative and why?
- 1/3.
- 1/2 are too far apart and 1/4 are too close together.
1/3rd markers are generally ideal for what, after completing a climb?
Heading Correction/EST Amendment.
Name one major disadvantage with Proportional Markers?
It may not be possible to obtain a pinpoint marker.
Name one advantage with Proportional Markers?
The calculation is simply to use when flying.
Name one advantage with Feature Markers?
Pinpoints are available to coincide with the markers.
Name one disadvantage with Feature Markers?
The calculations are more complicated.
Name the major disadvantage of using Time Markers?
Any change in Windspeed and Wind Direction will make the markers useless.
Time Markers are best suited to constant Groundspeed flights. If you arrive early/late at the first marker, what should a Pilot do to stay on track?
Increase/Decrease Speed.
What’s the main objective of chart preparation?
To minimise the Pilot’s in-flight calculation workload.
Name 5 aspects of Chart Preparation?
- Chart Selection.
- Track Required.
- Track Error Guides.
- Closing Angle Guides.
- Distance Markers.
What is Map Reading?
The art of interpreting between ground and chart to determine position.
True or False. Map reading is Pilot-Navigation?
False. It’s a technique to aid Pilot-Navigation.
How many features should be selected shortly after cruise is established (after climb) and where should they be positioned (2)?
- 2 to 3 features.
- Mid-point and descent point/end of route.
Name two advantages of selecting a feature pin-point after the climb?
- It will allow the Pilot to establish estimates for other check features.
- Early opportunity to access track made good and make changes if necessary.
Name one advantage of selecting a feature midway through the flight?
Will confirm the success of any previous changes, or it will make apparent further changes are necessary.
Name one advantage of selecting a feature towards the end of a flight?
It will confirm the destination will be made good on EST.
It is always a good rule to select a large unique feature at what stage of the flight?
Beyond the final destination in the event of the destination being missed.
Name four factors which affect feature selection/terrain?
- Height of an Aircraft (Altitude).
- Effects of the Sun.
- Reduce Visibility.
- Seasonal Changes.
Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 500ft?
27.5 NM.
Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 1000ft?
36 NM.
Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 2000ft?
51 NM.
Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 5000ft?
81 NM.
Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 10 000ft?
115 NM.
In order to get the features on the chart orientated with the actual features on the ground. What must a Pilot do to the chart?
The track on the chart must be aligned with the Aircraft’s approximate heading.
