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PPL Course - (3) Navigation and Meteorology > Chapter 7.6 - Chart Preparation and Map Reading > Flashcards

Chapter 7.6 - Chart Preparation and Map Reading Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum requirement for Chart coverage?

A

50 NM.

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2
Q

In the interest of safety, which Chart coverage should a Pilot use?

A

100 NM.

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3
Q

True or False. The Planned Track doesn’t need to include the track to an alternative aerodrome?

A

False.

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4
Q

Apart from topographical charts, which other charts should be carried during flight?

A
  • En Route Chart (ERC).

- Visual Terminal Chart (VTC).

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5
Q

Once selecting all necessary charts for flight, what is the next step (2)?

A
  • Check charts are all current editions.

- Check NOTAM for selected charts.

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6
Q

How much contingency should be used when planning a proposed route (2)?

A
  • 50/100 NM either side of the route.

- 50/100 NM after your destination.

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7
Q

What is the manageable size of a map when folded?

A

20/25cm by 20cm.

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8
Q

In an emergency, the chart can be unfolded to expose the chart detail beyond either side of the track, how many NM?

A

50.

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9
Q

What are Turning Points in a Track?

A

Positions where a track changes direction.

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10
Q

What is a Track Sector in a Track?

A

A section of a track between turning points.

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11
Q

What are Check Points in a Track?

A

Specified points along a track between turning points.

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12
Q

What are Track Error Guides/Lines?

A

Lines drawn from either side of a starting point on a Track.

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13
Q

How many degrees should be used for Track Error Guides/Lines?

A

10°.

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14
Q

What are Closing Angle Guides/Lines?

A

Lines drawn from either side of a finishing point on a Track.

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15
Q

True or False. It is wise to use different colour markers for drawing Track and Track Error/Closing Angle?

A

True.

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16
Q

Between which distances should a straight-line track be broken into legs/sectors?

A

70 NM to 100 NM.

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17
Q

When drawing a Turning Point, it is wise to draw a circle of how many NM, in order to not obscure chart information?

A

5 NM.

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18
Q

What are Track Markers used for on a Track?

A

To give the Heading of a particular track in Magnetic North in both directions.

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19
Q

What colour can be used for Track Markers?

A

The same as Track.

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20
Q

Time and Distance markers are used for checking what is accurate during Flight Planning?

A

Groundspeed.

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21
Q

What does EST stand for and its meaning?

A
  • Estimate.

- Used for estimating the time of an Aircraft arriving over the next checkpoint.

22
Q

What does ETA stand for and its meaning?

A
  • Estimated Time of Arrival.

- Used for estimating the time of an Aircraft arriving at an aerodrome used for landing.

23
Q

What are the 4 different type of markers?

A
  • Distance.
  • Proportional.
  • Feature.
  • Time.
24
Q

Which type of marker is used the most?

A

Distance.

25
Q

How are Distance Markers drawn across a Track?

A

Small markers drawn at intervals of 10 NM from departure to arrival point.

26
Q

Distance markers are extremely valuable as they measure what two key features?

A
  • Distance Flown.

- Distance to Fly.

27
Q

Proportional markers can be divided into equal parts. Name them (3)?

A
  • 1/2.
  • 1/3.
  • 1/4.
28
Q

Which markers are recommended as the best alternative and why?

A
  • 1/3.

- 1/2 are too far apart and 1/4 are too close together.

29
Q

1/3rd markers are generally ideal for what, after completing a climb?

A

Heading Correction/EST Amendment.

30
Q

Name one major disadvantage with Proportional Markers?

A

It may not be possible to obtain a pinpoint marker.

31
Q

Name one advantage with Proportional Markers?

A

The calculation is simply to use when flying.

32
Q

Name one advantage with Feature Markers?

A

Pinpoints are available to coincide with the markers.

33
Q

Name one disadvantage with Feature Markers?

A

The calculations are more complicated.

34
Q

Name the major disadvantage of using Time Markers?

A

Any change in Windspeed and Wind Direction will make the markers useless.

35
Q

Time Markers are best suited to constant Groundspeed flights. If you arrive early/late at the first marker, what should a Pilot do to stay on track?

A

Increase/Decrease Speed.

36
Q

What’s the main objective of chart preparation?

A

To minimise the Pilot’s in-flight calculation workload.

37
Q

Name 5 aspects of Chart Preparation?

A
  • Chart Selection.
  • Track Required.
  • Track Error Guides.
  • Closing Angle Guides.
  • Distance Markers.
38
Q

What is Map Reading?

A

The art of interpreting between ground and chart to determine position.

39
Q

True or False. Map reading is Pilot-Navigation?

A

False. It’s a technique to aid Pilot-Navigation.

40
Q

How many features should be selected shortly after cruise is established (after climb) and where should they be positioned (2)?

A
  • 2 to 3 features.

- Mid-point and descent point/end of route.

41
Q

Name two advantages of selecting a feature pin-point after the climb?

A
  • It will allow the Pilot to establish estimates for other check features.
  • Early opportunity to access track made good and make changes if necessary.
42
Q

Name one advantage of selecting a feature midway through the flight?

A

Will confirm the success of any previous changes, or it will make apparent further changes are necessary.

43
Q

Name one advantage of selecting a feature towards the end of a flight?

A

It will confirm the destination will be made good on EST.

44
Q

It is always a good rule to select a large unique feature at what stage of the flight?

A

Beyond the final destination in the event of the destination being missed.

45
Q

Name four factors which affect feature selection/terrain?

A
  • Height of an Aircraft (Altitude).
  • Effects of the Sun.
  • Reduce Visibility.
  • Seasonal Changes.
46
Q

Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 500ft?

A

27.5 NM.

47
Q

Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 1000ft?

A

36 NM.

48
Q

Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 2000ft?

A

51 NM.

49
Q

Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 5000ft?

A

81 NM.

50
Q

Under ideal conditions what is the maximum visibility at 10 000ft?

A

115 NM.

51
Q

In order to get the features on the chart orientated with the actual features on the ground. What must a Pilot do to the chart?

A

The track on the chart must be aligned with the Aircraft’s approximate heading.

PPL Course - (3) Navigation and Meteorology (23 decks)

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