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Earth Science > Chapter 8 - Volcanoes And Volcanism > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Volcanoes And Volcanism Flashcards

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0
Q

A depositional mountain landform built from solidified magma from deep in the earth

A

Volcano

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1
Q

______________ are a very good example of a hydrothermal circuit

A

Geysers

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2
Q

Who is Vulcan?

A

The Roman god of fire

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3
Q

What are volcanoes made of?

A

Igneous rocks

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4
Q

What is the vent?

A

Where the magma erupts from

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5
Q

What does the magma turn into when it erupts?

A

Lava

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6
Q

A depression at the top of the cone

A

Crater

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7
Q

Which magma contains less than 52% silica

A

Basaltic

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8
Q

Which magma contains 52-63% silica

A

Andesitic

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9
Q

Which magma contains more than 63% silica?

A

Rhyolitic

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10
Q

Lava with a smoothly wrinkled, ropey surface

A

Pahoehoe

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11
Q

Where does pillow lava form?

A

Underwater

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12
Q

What is a glowing avalanche made of?

A

A mixture of hot solid particles suspended in water vapor or other gases

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13
Q

What is a glowing avalanche also called?

A

Pyroclastic flow

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14
Q

Lahar

A

A volcanic mudslide caused by the melted snow

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15
Q

Vents in the ground where steam and other gases from volcanic activity escape

A

Fumaroles

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16
Q

Ash, cinders, and bombs

A

Pyroclastic materials

17
Q

A layer of loose pyro clastic materials and ash covering the ground

A

Tephra

18
Q

What is the Circum-Pacific belt sometimes called?

A

The ring of fire

19
Q

What processes and absorbs minerals from the water?

A

Special bacteria

20
Q

Geologists believe what produces great amounts of magma as the subducted plate melts in the mantle?

A

Subduction

21
Q

Thick layers of igneous rocks that cover many places in the world, including the ocean floor

A

Flood basalts

22
Q

What are shield volcanoes formed from?

A

Quiet eruptions of mostly runny, basaltic lavas

23
Q

What are cinder cones formed from?

A

Eruptions of bursts of gases that eject mostly pyroclastic materials

24
Q

What are stratovolcanoes formed from?

A

Eruptions that alternately eject lava and pyroclastic materials

25
Q

What are the three types of volcanic activity?

A

Active, dormant, and extinct

26
Q

What volcano is in Washington?

A

My. Saint Helens

27
Q

Can a volcano formerly considered dormant or extinct erupt disastrously?

A

Yes

28
Q

What is the explosively of the VEI based on?

A

The amount of tephra
The height of the ash cloud
A descriptive estimate of the explosion

29
Q

What happened during the eruptions of Mt. Tambora?

A

Wind currents distributed the ash around the world, reducing the amount of sunlight that reached the ground in the Northern Hemisphere

30
Q

List the types of plutons from smallest to largest

A

Stocks
Laccoliths
Batholiths

31
Q

The rate of temperature change with depth

A

Geothermal gradient

32
Q

Continuous, geotheramally driven flow of water

A

Hydrothermal circuit

33
Q

Minerals which settle or precipitate out when the water cools often produce stepped rock formations called ________________

A

Terraces

34
Q

A hot spring that forcefully ejects its water from the ground at regular intervals

A

Geyser

35
Q

What have people used to harness the heat produced by magma intrusions

A

Geothermal energy

36
Q

How much does geothermal power represent?

A

0.4%

37
Q

How are sills and dikes positioned

A

Sills are like shelves and horizontal

Dikes are like walls and vertical

38
Q

Do many places have intrusive heat sources close enough to the surface to be usable?

A

No

39
Q

T/F it is inexpensive and safe to find good places that offer geothermal energy sources

A

False

Earth Science (13 decks)

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