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Earth Science > Chapter 18 - Earth's Atmosphere > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Earth's Atmosphere Flashcards

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0
Q

How was the atmosphere formed?

A

By a direct act of God

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1
Q

Atmosphere

A

The envelope of gases that surrounds our planet

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2
Q

Firmament

A

Great expanse

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3
Q

Who is often called the father of chemistry?

A

Antoine Lavoisier

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4
Q

What did Karl Wilhelm Scheele work with?

A

Oxygen

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5
Q

What did Joseph Priestley work with?

A

He made many groundbreaking advances in our knowledge of the chemistry of gases and electricity

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6
Q

What is one of nitrogen’s main purposes?

A

To dilute oxygen

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7
Q

What is the volume of the atmosphere?

A

21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and 1% other gases

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8
Q

Which gas is the most abundant in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen

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9
Q

Which layer has several layers of different gases?

A

Heterosphere

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10
Q

Which layer has all the gases mixed together?

A

Homosphere

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11
Q

What gases are in the heterosphere?

A

Nitrogen, atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen

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12
Q

Which layer is the hottest?

A

Exosphere

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13
Q

What gases are in the exosphere?

A

Oxygen, helium, and hydrogen

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14
Q

Which layer is the coldest?

A

Mesosphere

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15
Q

Which layer do most people live in?

A

Troposphere

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16
Q

Lapse rate

A

Stray change in temperature

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17
Q

Where do aircraft flying long distances fly?

A

Stratosphere

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18
Q

Why do the aircraft fly in the stratosphere?

A

To avoid turbulent storms

19
Q

Jet streams

A

Winds in the stratosphere that blow very fast

20
Q

What layers lie within the homosphere composition layer?

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere

21
Q

What layers are not in the ionosphere?

A

Stratosphere and troposphere

22
Q

Where does the ionosphere start?

A

Mesosphere

23
Q

What is the largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle?

A

Atmospheric carbon dioxide

24
Q

What happens to living things’ carbon compounds go when they die and decay?

A

They enter the soil carbon reservoir

25
Q

What is another source of fixed nitrogen in the atmosphere?

A

Lightning

26
Q

What does lightning do?

A

It breaks down nitrogen in the air and combines it with oxygen

27
Q

What is ozone made of?

A

Three atoms of oxygen bonded together

28
Q

Where is the hole in the ozone layer every spring?

A

Antarctica

29
Q

Does the ionosphere reflect microwaves?

A

NO

30
Q

What does the ionosphere reflect?

A

Long-waves

31
Q

Magnetosphere

A

Protects us from solar flares

32
Q

Who discovered the magnetosphere using information gathered by the satellite Explorer 1?

A

James Van Allen

33
Q

What are stuck in those rings or belts in the magnetic field?

A

Protons and electrons from the sun’s solar wind

34
Q

Solar flare

A

When the solar wind is especially strong

35
Q

Aurora borealis

A

The northern lights

36
Q

Aurora australias

A

The southern lights

37
Q

What causes northern and southern lights?

A

Some of the charged particles, during a solar flare, that are trapped in the magnetosphere escape near the earth’s magnetic poles into the lower regions of the atmosphere. There they collide with gas molecules, producing them

38
Q

Solar constant

A

The rate of flow of radiant energy from the sun that reaches the earth through space

39
Q

When can 60-75% of the incoming solar energy reach the earth’s surface?

A

On a sunny day with the sun directly overhead

40
Q

On what kind of day can the earth absorb the most heat?

A

On a clear, cold low-humidity day

41
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer by direct contact

42
Q

Convection

A

The vertical movement of warmed masses of air into cooler regions in the atmosphere

43
Q

What is a common kind of density current?

A

Convection

44
Q

Greenhouse affect

A

When the earth indirectly warms the atmosphere

45
Q

What are the greenhouse gases?

A

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

46
Q

What can UV Rays do to people?

A

Sunburns, eye damage, and skin cancer

Earth Science (13 decks)

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