Chapter 18 - Earth's Atmosphere

Question 0

How was the atmosphere formed?

Answer 0

By a direct act of God

Question 1

Atmosphere

Answer 1

The envelope of gases that surrounds our planet

Question 2

Firmament

Answer 2

Great expanse

Question 3

Who is often called the father of chemistry?

Answer 3

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 4

What did Karl Wilhelm Scheele work with?

Answer 4

Oxygen

Question 5

What did Joseph Priestley work with?

Answer 5

He made many groundbreaking advances in our knowledge of the chemistry of gases and electricity

Question 6

What is one of nitrogen’s main purposes?

Answer 6

To dilute oxygen

Question 7

What is the volume of the atmosphere?

Answer 7

21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and 1% other gases

Question 8

Which gas is the most abundant in the atmosphere?

Answer 8

Nitrogen

Question 9

Which layer has several layers of different gases?

Answer 9

Heterosphere

Question 10

Which layer has all the gases mixed together?

Answer 10

Homosphere

Question 11

What gases are in the heterosphere?

Answer 11

Nitrogen, atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen

Question 12

Which layer is the hottest?

Answer 12

Exosphere

Question 13

What gases are in the exosphere?

Answer 13

Oxygen, helium, and hydrogen

Question 14

Which layer is the coldest?

Answer 14

Mesosphere

Question 15

Which layer do most people live in?

Answer 15

Troposphere

Question 16

Lapse rate

Answer 16

Stray change in temperature

Question 17

Where do aircraft flying long distances fly?

Answer 17

Stratosphere

Question 18

Why do the aircraft fly in the stratosphere?

Answer 18

To avoid turbulent storms

Question 19

Jet streams

Answer 19

Winds in the stratosphere that blow very fast

Question 20

What layers lie within the homosphere composition layer?

Answer 20

Troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere

Question 21

What layers are not in the ionosphere?

Answer 21

Stratosphere and troposphere

Question 22

Where does the ionosphere start?

Answer 22

Mesosphere

Question 23

What is the largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle?

Answer 23

Atmospheric carbon dioxide

Question 24

What happens to living things' carbon compounds go when they die and decay?

Answer 24

They enter the soil carbon reservoir

Question 25

What is another source of fixed nitrogen in the atmosphere?

Answer 25

Lightning

Question 26

What does lightning do?

Answer 26

It breaks down nitrogen in the air and combines it with oxygen

Question 27

What is ozone made of?

Answer 27

Three atoms of oxygen bonded together

Question 28

Where is the hole in the ozone layer every spring?

Answer 28

Antarctica

Question 29

Does the ionosphere reflect microwaves?

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

What does the ionosphere reflect?

Answer 30

Long-waves

Question 31

Magnetosphere

Answer 31

Protects us from solar flares

Question 32

Who discovered the magnetosphere using information gathered by the satellite Explorer 1?

Answer 32

James Van Allen

Question 33

What are stuck in those rings or belts in the magnetic field?

Answer 33

Protons and electrons from the sun's solar wind

Question 34

Solar flare

Answer 34

When the solar wind is especially strong

Question 35

Aurora borealis

Answer 35

The northern lights

Question 36

Aurora australias

Answer 36

The southern lights

Question 37

What causes northern and southern lights?

Answer 37

Some of the charged particles, during a solar flare, that are trapped in the magnetosphere escape near the earth's magnetic poles into the lower regions of the atmosphere. There they collide with gas molecules, producing them

Question 38

Solar constant

Answer 38

The rate of flow of radiant energy from the sun that reaches the earth through space

Question 39

When can 60-75% of the incoming solar energy reach the earth's surface?

Answer 39

On a sunny day with the sun directly overhead

Question 40

On what kind of day can the earth absorb the most heat?

Answer 40

On a clear, cold low-humidity day

Question 41

Conduction

Answer 41

Heat transfer by direct contact

Question 42

Convection

Answer 42

The vertical movement of warmed masses of air into cooler regions in the atmosphere

Question 43

What is a common kind of density current?

Answer 43

Convection

Question 44

Greenhouse affect

Answer 44

When the earth indirectly warms the atmosphere

Question 45

What are the greenhouse gases?

Answer 45

Water vapor and carbon dioxide

Question 46

What can UV Rays do to people?

Answer 46

Sunburns, eye damage, and skin cancer