Chapter 6 - Earthquakes Flashcards
Accelerometer
Measures changes in speed
Seismometer
An instrument that measures earth waves
A series of low-frequency shock waves, somewhat like sound waves, traveling through the earth
Earthquake
T/F. Most earthquakes are too slight for a person to feel.
True
What is an example of tension stress?
The pulling on a rope
What is the most important stress in producing earthquakes?
Shear stress
Which plate sections are moving apart?
Divergent boundaries
Which zones of collision are moving toward each other?
Convergent boundaries
Places where plates slide past each other in opposite directions along long cracks in the crust
Transform boundaries
T/F. Al, materials respond to shear stress the same way.
False
What’s the difference between a joint and a fault?
Movement
Cracks formed when rocks under stress begin to fail
Joints
A crack in a rock where movement has occurred
Fault
What kind of fault is the San Andreas?
Strike-slip fault
T/F. Not all transform boundaries are strike-slip faults.
False
Strike-slip faults are also called…
Transform faults
T/f. Certain kinds of minerals and even water lubricate faults
True
Secondary earthquakes
Aftershocks
Include both a seismometer and a way to record or graph the changing earth waves
Seismograph
Fastest body waves; travel through both solid and liquid rock
P waves
Can’t travel through liquids
S waves
Kinds of waves
S, p, Rayleigh, love, and surface
The center of an earthquake’s activity
Focus
How many stations does it take to pinpoint an earthquake’s epicenter to one location?
Three
Indicates the energy released by the earth movement
Richter scale
What units is the Richter scale given in?
Units of magnitude
How much more energy does a 3 earthquake have than a 2?
31.6 times
Could the whole world feel it if there was an earthquake of a 10 on the Richter scale?
Yes
T/F. The Richter scale goes only up to 10
False. The Richter scale has no limit
A measure of how much damage actually results from the earthquake
An earthquake’s intensity
T/F. Architects know how to design buildings that can resist collapsing in earthquakes up to magnitude 6.0
False
Large tidal waves that earthquakes trigger
Tsunamis
T/F. An early warning system is not the same thing as predicting when an earthquake will happen
True