Chapter 8 - Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
What is a vitamin?
An organic compound essential in small quantities for normal physiological and metabolic functioning of the body (such as growth)
What are the fat and water soluble vitamins?
Water soluble include the B complexes and vitamin C.
Fat soluble include A, D, E, and K.
What are minerals?
inorganic elements or salts. Building blocks for many body structures.
Vitamin A: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency?
- Fat soluble
- Used for growth and development of bones and teeth, essential for night and normal vision.
- Necessary for reproduction, cholesterol and steroid synthesis.
- Adverse effects include irritability, drowsiness, vertigo, delirium, and peeling of the skin.
Vitamin K: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Fat soluble
- beneficial effects include synthesis of blood clotting factors and nutritional supplement
- Adverse effects include headache, brain damage, altered sensation of taste
Vitamin D: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Fat soluble
- regulates absorption of and use of calcium and phosphorus, and is necessary for normal calcification of bones and teeth
- Adverse include hypertension, weakness, fatigue, headaches, anorexia, dry mouth, metallic taste, vomiting, bone pains
Vitamin C: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Water soluble
- Adverse include nausea, vomiting, headache, abdominal cramps, acidified urine with possible stone formation
- Enhances the absorption of iron, is required for the synthesis of lipids, proteins, and steroids, aids in cellular respiration, and aids in resistance to infection.
Vitamin B6: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Water soluble
- Necessary for many metabolic functions, metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
- Adverse effects include warmth, headache, lethargy, and flushing.
Vitamin B1: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Water soluble
- Aids in the formation of thiamine pyrophosphate and aids in the GI, CV, and PNS.
- Adverse effects include nausea, restlessness, pulmonary edema, and cardiovascular collapse.
Vitamin B12: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Water soluble
- Used for fat and carbs metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth (cell replication).
- Adverse effects include itching, diarrhea, fever, heart failure, vascular thrombosis, and pulmonary edema.
Vitamin E: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Fat soluble
- Exact function is unknown but is believed to be an antioxidant.
- Very few acute adverse effects, mainly the GI and CNS.
Calcium: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Most abundant mineral in the body and its highest concentration is in the bones and teeth.
- Its efficient absorption requires adequate amounts of Vitamin D.
- Essential for normal maintenance and function of nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. Also the cell membranes permeability.
- Adverse effects include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, cardiac irregularities, delirium, and coma.
Magnesium: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Required for nerve physiology and muscle contraction, and essential for enzyme systems associated with energy metabolism.
- Adverse effects include tendon reflex loss, difficult bowel movements, CNS depression, respiratory distress, heart block, and hypothermia.
Phosphorus: adverse effects, beneficial effects, function, and deficiency
- Required for the synthesis of nucleic acids and necessary for the development of bones and teeth
- Adverse effects include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, confusion, weakness, and breathing difficulties.
