Chapter 12 General and Local Anesthetics

Question 1

Adjunctive anesthetic drugs

Answer 1

Drugs used in combination with Anesthetic drugs to control the adverse effects of Anesthetics or to help maintain the Anesthetic state in the patient

Question 2

Anesthesia

Answer 2

Loss of the ability to feel pain, resulting from the administration of an Anesthetic drug or other medical intervention

Question 3

Anesthetics

Answer 3

Drugs that depress the CNS to produce diminution of consciousness, loss of responsiveness to sensory stimulation, or muscle relaxation

Question 4

Balanced Anesthesia

Answer 4

The practice of using combinations of drugs rather than a single drug to produce Anesthesia. A common combination is a mixture of a sedative-hypnotic, an anti anxiety drug, an analgesic, an antimetic, and an anticholinergic.

Question 5

General Anesthetic producing general anesthesia

Answer 5

• A drug that induces a state of Anesthesia. Its effects are global in that it involves the whole body, with loss of consciousness being one of those effects
• Can be inhaled or injected
• Adverse effects usually effect the heart, peripheral circulation, lungs, kidneys, and respiratory tract. Also myocardial depression
• Depression of consciousness, pain relief, skeletal muscle relaxation, visceral smooth muscle relaxation, and diminished or absent reflexes.

Question 6

Local Anesthetics

Answer 6

Drugs that render a specific portion of the body insensitive to pain at the level of the peripheral nervous system, normally without effecting consciousness.

• May have a spinal headache which is treated with an epidural blood patch
• Does not put you to sleep (example finger)
• Interferes with nerve impulses to specific parts of the body

Question 7

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 7

A genetically linked major adverse reaction to general Anesthesia, characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, as well as tachycardia, tachypnea, and sweating.
- very rare

Question 8

Moderate sedation

Answer 8

A form of Anesthesia induced by combinations of parenteral benzodiazepines and an opiate
- Reduces patients anxiety and sensitivity to pain, as well as memory of the procedure

Question 9

Parenteral Anesthetics

Answer 9

Any Anesthetic drug that can be administered by injection or into the CNS as a local nerve block

Question 10

Topical Anesthetics

Answer 10

A class of local Anesthetics consisting of solutions, ointments, gels, creams, powders, ophthalmic drops, and suppositories that are applied directly to the skin and mucous membranes

Question 11

Neuromuscular blocking drugs

Answer 11

• Prevent nerve transmission in certain muscles, resulting in paralysis of the muscle
• Used with Anesthetics during surgery
• Adverse effects may be hypotension, tachycardia,
• Usually used when the surgeon wants to intibate them. Succinylcholine is the only drug we use. After 8 minutes of administration, the person will stop breathing and the muscles will not be able to move or twitch.
• There is also nondepolarizing drugs which allows the muscles still to twitch

Question 12

Injectable anesthetic

Answer 12

• To induce or maintain general anesthetic
• To induce amnesia
• To reduce anxiety