( Chapter 19 Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs) Flashcards
1
Q
Adrenergic Blockers
A
- Bind to adrenergic receptors but inhibit or block stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and so they have the opposite effects of andrenergic drugs
- Include a-blockers and b-blockers
- Also known as Sympatholytics
2
Q
A blockers (Ergot alkaloids )
A
- Constrict dilated arterioles in the brain and are used to treat vascular headaches (migraines)
- Stimulate uterine contractions (oxytocics) and induce local vasoconstriction and are used to control postpartum bleeding
- Cause both arterial and venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure (BP) and are used to treat hypertension
- Are used in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to decrease resistance to urinary outflow, thus reducing urinary obstruction and relieving effects of BPH
- Contraindications include peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, allergies
- Adverse effects include palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence
- suffix ends in “ide” or “ate”
3
Q
B Blockers
A
- Compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine
- B1 and B2
- Non specific mechanism of action includes decreasing HR and stimulation of the heart, constrict Bronchioles, vasoconstriction of blood vessels
- Used for antiangina, antihypertensive, migraines, glaucoma. Should not be used while pregnant, heart failure, brachycardia, severe pulmonary disease
- Adverse effects include heart failure, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, impotence, rash
- Suffix ends in “lol” or “ide” and some examples are labetalol and propranolol hydrochloride
4
Q
B1 Blockers
A
- Cardioselective B blockers
- Located primarily on the heart
- Reduces SNS stimulation of the heart, decreases HR, slows conduction rate through the AV node
- suffix ends in “ide” or “lol” and some examples include metoprolol tartrate and acebutolol hydrochloride
5
Q
B2 Blockers
A
- Located primarily on smooth muscles of bronchioles and blood vessels
6
Q
Nursing implications
A
- Assess for allergies and history of COPD, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, heart failure, or other cardiovascular problems
- Remember that a-blockers may precipitate hypotension
- Remember that some b-blockers may precipitate bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, heart failure, and bronchoconstriction
- Teach patients to change positions slowly to prevent or minimize postural hypotension
- Avoid alcohol and caffeine