( Chapter 19 Adrenergic-Blocking Drugs) Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic Blockers

A
  • Bind to adrenergic receptors but inhibit or block stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and so they have the opposite effects of andrenergic drugs
  • Include a-blockers and b-blockers
  • Also known as Sympatholytics
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2
Q

A blockers (Ergot alkaloids )

A
  • Constrict dilated arterioles in the brain and are used to treat vascular headaches (migraines)
  • Stimulate uterine contractions (oxytocics) and induce local vasoconstriction and are used to control postpartum bleeding
  • Cause both arterial and venous dilation, reducing peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure (BP) and are used to treat hypertension
  • Are used in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to decrease resistance to urinary outflow, thus reducing urinary obstruction and relieving effects of BPH
  • Contraindications include peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, allergies
  • Adverse effects include palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, incontinence
  • suffix ends in “ide” or “ate”
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3
Q

B Blockers

A
  • Compete with norepinephrine and epinephrine
  • B1 and B2
  • Non specific mechanism of action includes decreasing HR and stimulation of the heart, constrict Bronchioles, vasoconstriction of blood vessels
  • Used for antiangina, antihypertensive, migraines, glaucoma. Should not be used while pregnant, heart failure, brachycardia, severe pulmonary disease
  • Adverse effects include heart failure, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, impotence, rash
  • Suffix ends in “lol” or “ide” and some examples are labetalol and propranolol hydrochloride
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4
Q

B1 Blockers

A
  • Cardioselective B blockers
  • Located primarily on the heart
  • Reduces SNS stimulation of the heart, decreases HR, slows conduction rate through the AV node
  • suffix ends in “ide” or “lol” and some examples include metoprolol tartrate and acebutolol hydrochloride
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5
Q

B2 Blockers

A
  • Located primarily on smooth muscles of bronchioles and blood vessels
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6
Q

Nursing implications

A
  • Assess for allergies and history of COPD, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, bradycardia, heart failure, or other cardiovascular problems
  • Remember that a-blockers may precipitate hypotension
  • Remember that some b-blockers may precipitate bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, heart failure, and bronchoconstriction
  • Teach patients to change positions slowly to prevent or minimize postural hypotension
  • Avoid alcohol and caffeine
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