Chapter 17 CNS Stimulant drugs

Question 1

Amphetamines

Answer 1

CNS stimulants that produce mood elevation or euphoria, increase mental alertness and capacity to work, decreased fatigue and drowsiness, and prolong wakefulness

Question 2

Analeptics

Answer 2

CNS stimulants that have generalized effects on the brain stem and spinal cord, which in turn produce an increase in responsiveness to external stimuli and stimulate respiration

• Used to treat ADHD
• Reverse anaesthesia-induced respiratory depression

Question 3

Anorexiants

Answer 3

Drugs used to control or suppress appetite, that also stimulate the CNS
- Used to treat obesity

Question 4

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 4

Syndrome affecting children, adolescents, and adults that involves difficultly in maintaining concentration on a given task, hyperactive behavior, or both
- Usually begins before age 7 and is more common in boys
- Often accompanied by anxiety, mood disorders
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Question 5

Cataplexy

Answer 5

A condition characterized by abrupt attacks of muscular weakness and hypotonia triggered by an emotional stimulus such as joy, laughter, anger, fear, or suprise

Question 6

CNS stimulants

Answer 6

Drugs that stimulate specific areas of the brain of spinal cord
- Used to treat ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity, migraine, and respiratory depression syndrome (affects neonates)
- Adverse effects include Palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dry mouth, increased urinary frequency, others
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Question 7

Migraine

Answer 7

A common type of recurring painful headaches characterized by a pulsatile or throbbing quality, incapacitating pain, and photophobia

• Assosiated symtpoms include nausea, vomiting, phonophobia
• CNS stimulants that work the best are the serotonin agonist

Question 8

Narcolepsy

Answer 8

Syndrome characterized by sudden sleep attacks, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and visual or auditory hallucinations at the onset of sleep
- episodes may last a few minutes to one hour

Question 9

Serotonin receptor agonists

Answer 9

A new class of CNS stimulants used to treat migraines that work by stimulating 5-HT1 receptors in the brain

Question 10

Sympathomimetic drugs

Answer 10

CNS stimulants such as noradrenergic drugs (and to a lesser degree dopaminergic drugs) whose actions resemble or mimic those of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 11

Anti- ADHD

Answer 11

Stimulate the areas in the brain responsible for mental alertness and attentiveness

Question 12

Anti-narcoleptic

Answer 12

Increases mental awareness

Question 13

Anti-migraine

Answer 13

Cause vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries and normally reduce or eliminate headache symptoms

Question 14

Caffeine

Answer 14

• Found in OTC drugs, combination prescription drugs, foods
• Many uses including neonatal apnea, respiratory depression in adults, enhance effects of analgesics and migraine medications, and to stimulate CNS