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PSY 3180- Personality Psychology > Chapter 8 - Trait Aspects > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Trait Aspects Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four traits Hippocrates used for his trait theory?

A

sanguine, melancholic, choleric, phlegmatic

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2
Q

What does sanguine represent?

A

hopeful+cheerful; blood

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3
Q

What does melancholic represent?

A

sad + depressive; black bile

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4
Q

What does choleric represent?

A

angry; yellow bile

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5
Q

What does phlegmatic represent?

A

slow+ apathetic; phlegm

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6
Q

Carl Jung created 4 functions and 2 attitudes. What are they?

A

thinking, feeling, sensing, intuition (4 functions)
extraversion, introversion (2 attitudes)

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7
Q

the judgement-perception scale is orientated toward

A

evaluating or perceiving things

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8
Q

Cattell created the ____ personality factors questionnaire

A

16

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9
Q

What are the 3 types of data Cattell collected?

A

q-data (questionnare data), t-data (test data), l-data (life data)

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10
Q

what is factor analysis?

A

reducing info to make it more understandable

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11
Q

Allport recognized that behavior is variable but there are _____ for each person

A

core portions (this is what he called traits)

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12
Q

what 3 reasons did Allport believe there was stability in behavior?

A
  1. ppl view many situations and stimuli the same way
  2. individual behavior are similar in meaning
  3. functionally equivalent
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13
Q

what does functional equivalence mean?

A

??? sorry

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14
Q

what are common traits

A

traits that people in a population share due to biological heritage and shared cultures

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15
Q

what does it mean to be functionally autonomous

A

independence of personality from their origins
-ex. childhood can be the origin of personality but it doesn’t influence adult tendencies

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16
Q

what is proprium?

A

core of personality

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17
Q

what are idiographic approaches

A

methods that take into account each person’s uniqueness

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18
Q

what are nomothetic methods

A

ones that focus on the generalized pop?

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19
Q

what is personal dispositions

A

a trait peculiar to that person

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20
Q

what is cardinal dispositions

A

ruling passions of life

21
Q

what are central dispositions

A

fundamental qualities that can portray an individual

22
Q

what are the big 5 personality traits

A

extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness
-used on a scale

23
Q

what are the characteristics of scoring high on extroversion vs. low?

A

high- energetic, dominant, socialable
low- shy, submissive, quiet

24
Q

what are the characteristics of scoring high on agreeableness vs. low?

A

high- friendly, cooperative, trusting
low- cold, unkind, quarrelsome

25
Q

what are the characteristics of scoring high on conscientiousness vs. low?

A

high- cautious, persevering, responsible
low- impulsive, careless, undependable

26
Q

what are the characteristics of scoring high on neuroticism vs. low?

A

high- anxiety, hostility, depression
low- calm, content

27
Q

what are the characteristics of scoring high on openness vs. low?

A

high- imaginative, witty, artisitc
low- shallow, plain, simple

28
Q

most research in support of the big 5 is ____ and suggests that hypothetical constructs can represent something real even if we ______

A

research-driven, not theory based
dont know what the something is

29
Q

what are real world applications of the big 5?

A

it works throughout the world however cultures differ how much they value each trait and cities differ in personality

30
Q

what are the 3 biological systems of Eysenck believes traits come from

A

extroversion, neurotism, and psychoticism

31
Q

what is extroversion according to Eysenck?

A

outgoing and assertive

32
Q

what is neuroticism according to Eysenck?

A

instability and apprehensiveness

33
Q

what is psychoticism?

A

tendency toward psychopathy

34
Q

What are some research that supports Eysenck?

A

ppl sensitive to rewards are high in extroversion and those who are hostile are high in psychoticism

35
Q

What are personality judgments?

A

judgments made by people besides the person being evaluated

36
Q

what is zero acquaintance?

A

observing someone who we never interacted with

37
Q

how can trait theory predict fucture actions?

A

through trait ratings (via zero acquaintance and friends/spouse judgements)

37
Q

how can trait theory predict fucture actions?

A

through trait ratings (via zero acquaintance and friends/spouse judgements)

38
Q

how can trait theory predict fucture actions?

A

through trait ratings (via zero acquaintance and friends/spouse judgments)

39
Q

what are types?

A

discrete classes of people
-boundaries aren’t clear-cut

40
Q

types vs traits

A

types are useful for comparing ideals of personality to compare real people, traits are the actual traits

41
Q

what is motive?

A

internal psychobiological forces that induce behavior patterns toward

42
Q

what did Murray define “need” as?

A

a readiness to respond in a certain way under given conditions

43
Q

what are the 4 ways for needs to be expressed?

A
  1. need for achievement
  2. need for affiliation
  3. need for power
  4. need for exhibition
44
Q

what is expressive style?

A

vocal characteristics, facial expressions, body movements

45
Q

expressive people are seen as more _____ while unexpressive can be ____

A

attractive; unhealthy - seen as a sign for alienation, depression, repressed anxiety

46
Q

what are the limitations of trait approaches?

A
  1. oversimplification of personality
  2. may label people on basis of test scores
  3. sometimes underestimates variability across situations
  4. may underestimate influence of unconscious motives and early experiences
47
Q

what is trait approach of free will?

A

allows for free will, after considering predispositions and motives

PSY 3180- Personality Psychology (9 decks)

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