Chapter 3 - Psychoanalytic Aspects of Personality Flashcards
What does the psychoanalytic approach emphasize?
Unconscious processes of the mind
What is the unconscious?
the portion of mind of which the person is not aware
What are 3 analytic techniques to access the unconscious?
hypnosis, free association, or dream analysis
What does hypnosis do?
liberates the outer body by unlocking inner psychological tension
What is free association?
free-flowing association of idea+feelings
Dreams are the what to the unconscious?
the royal road
What are the 2 parts of dreams analysis?
manifest content and latent content
What is manifest content?
content of a dream that a person remembers
What is latent content?
the underlying hidden meaning of a dream
What is the hallmark of psychoanalytic approach to personality?
what we see on the surface is only a partial representation of what is lying underneath
What is the flaw of psychoanalytic approach?
rarely have a control group and no comparison to evaluate the theory
What are the 3 parts of the mind according to psychoanalytic approach?
id, ego, and superego
The id is the ___ principle and strives to do what?
pleasure; satisfy it’s desires and reduce inner tension
- contains motivations and emotion
The ego operates on ____ and does what?
reality; balances id, super-ego and reality
The superego is the ___ principle and has ____ guidelines
moral; ethical
What are Freudian slips?
slip ups from unconscious urges
Psychosexual development is the development of the ____
psyche
What is the libido?
basic drive/motivation
What are the 5 psychosexual stages?
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
What is the oral stage?
conflict & fixation?
driven to satisfy hunger and thirst
conflict: child must give up breast feeding
fixation: on dependency
What is the anal stage?
conflict & fixation?
they get pleasure through relieving themself of bodily waste; age 2
conflict: must be “toilet trained”
fixation: on neatness
What is the phallic stage?
get pleasure thru genitals; around age 4
What is the oedipus complex and what stage does it form?
boy likes mother, can’t beat father so he compensates by being manly
-forms during phallic stage
What is the electra complex?
girls develop feelings of inferiority and jealousy of boys
What is castration anxiety?
fear that father will castrate the boy; during phallic stage
What is latency stage?
psychosexual energy channeled into academic and social pursuits
What is the genital stage?
ppl get satisfaction from mature sexual relationships
-achieved if they make it through the other stages
What are defense mechanisms?
processes that the ego uses to distort reality to protext itself
What are the 8 defense mechanisms?
repression, reaction formation, denial, projection, displacement, rationalization, regression, sublimation
What is reaction formation?
hides threatening impulses by over-emphasizing their opposite
ex. homophobic ppl turn out to be part of LGBTQ
What is sublimation?
dangerous urges are transformed into positive socially meaningful motivations
What are the 4 steps in Vaillant’s Defense Theory?
psychotic, immature, neurotic, mature
What is psychotic according to Vaillant?
similar to denial, common for young children but problematic in adults
What is immature according to Vaillant?
fantasy and projection, typical for adolescents, but an issue for adults
What is neurotic according to Vaillant?
displacement & intellectualization, repression, reaction formation; most common in adults
What is mature according to Vaillant?
sublimation; socially unacceptable impulses in condoned manner
What is psychobiography?
exploring how culture can impact personality development
cultural anthropologists examine the idea that what can produce variations in personality?
variations in child-rearing across cultures
What were some weakness of Freud?
very pessimistic, based off of pathology, hard to empirically study, hydraulic model of psychic energy was exaggerated, lead to psychosurgery
What were some strengths of Freud?
established personality psychology, the importance of the unconscious and early childhood experiences in personality, showed mental illness could be approached scientifically
What is the freudian theory?
we can experience internal arousal that we do not cog. understand
The cornerstone of Freud’s approach is:
we do things from unconscious motivation, not free will
What is hypermnesia?
excess memory; later attempt to remember something brings up info that wasn’t there before
The key to uncovering memories is:
free association
What is hypnotic hypermnesia?
enhanced memory under hypnosis; less effective
What is signal detection theory?
attempt at determining the point where a signal is strong enough to notice it
T/F: infantile amnesia is when infants don’t remember what has happened to them
F; when adults can’t remember much from their early years
What is verbal learning approach?
learning words lists
What is the difference between explicit memory and implicit memory?
explicit is recalling/recognizing something and implicit is when the person isn’t aware that remembering has occurred (ex. typing)
What are 2 phenomena in memory?
it changes over time + becomes personalized and it is a blend of info from event + person’s expectations
What is the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia?
anterograde - can’t form new memories
retrograde - can’t recall past events
The analogy for psychoanalytic approach:
humans are a bundle of sexual and aggressive drives :D
