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Paediatrics > Chapter 8: Tooth Replacement, Mixed Dentition > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Tooth Replacement, Mixed Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

When does tooth replacement or the transition period occur?

A

Between 6-12 years of age

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2
Q

tooth replacement or the transition period are characterised by:

A
  • the presence of temporary and permanent teeth simultaneously
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3
Q

The 3 stages of tooth replacement or the transition period are:

A
  • mixed dentition 1st stage
  • mixed dentition 2nd stage
  • 3rd stage
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4
Q

Which dentition (temporary or permanent) has a greater variability in its chronology?

A

Permanent dentition

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5
Q

Which stage (1st or 2nd) has a greater variability in its chronology?

A

2nd

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6
Q

What affects the eruption chronology?

A
  • endocrine, prepubescent, and local conditions (trauma)
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7
Q

Mixed dentition 1st stage: what teeth erupt during this stage?

A

Incisors and 1st molars

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8
Q

Mixed dentition 1st stage: from what ages?

A

6-9 years old

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9
Q

Mixed dentition 1st stage: eruption sequence with ages:

A
  • 6 years old: 1st molars
  • 6.5 years old: lower central incisors
  • 7 years old: upper central incisors
  • 7.5 years old: lower lateral incisors
  • 8 years old: upper lateral incisors

Lower B4 upper!!
The only time its upper B4 lower: primary dentition lateral incisors and in permanent dentition PM

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10
Q

Mixed dentition 2nd stage: what teeth erupt during this stage?

A

Canines, PM, and 2nd molars

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11
Q

Mixed dentition 2nd stage: from what ages?

A

9-12 years old

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12
Q

Mixed dentition 2nd stage: eruption sequence with ages:

A
  • 9 years old: upper 1st PM + lower canine
  • 10 years old: lower 1st PM + upper 2nd PM
  • 11 years old: upper canine + lower 2nd PM
  • 12 years old: 2nd molars
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13
Q

3rd stage: which teeth erupt during this stage?

A

3rd molars

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14
Q

3rd stage: from what ages?

A

18-25 years old

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15
Q

Why is the sequence of eruption very important?

A

Because it determines the use of the spaces in the arch

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16
Q

Eruption sequence: posterior teeth (2nd stage sequence) of the upper arch: MOST FREQUENT SEQUENCE:

A

4 (1st PM), 5 (2nd PM), 3 (canine), 7 (2nd molar)

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17
Q

Eruption sequence: posterior teeth (2nd stage sequence) of the upper arch: FREQUENT SEQUENCE:

A

4 (1st PM) ,3 (canine) ,5 (2nd PM) ,7 (2nd molar)

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18
Q

Eruption sequence: posterior teeth (2nd stage sequence) of the upper and lower arch: UNFAVOURABLE SEQUENCE:

A

2nd molar before canine or PM will cause a lack of space

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19
Q

Eruption sequence: posterior teeth (2nd stage sequence) of the lower arch: MOST FREQUENT SEQUENCE:

A

3 (canine), 4 (1st PM), 5 (2nd PM), 7 (2nd molar)

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20
Q

Eruption sequence: posterior teeth (2nd stage sequence) of the lower arch: COMMON SEQUENCE:

A

3 (canine), 5 (2nd PM), 7 (2nd molar)

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21
Q

Eruption sequence of the mandible:

A

6 (1st molar), 1(CI), 2 (LI), 3 (canine), 4 (1st PM), 5 (2nd PM), 7 (2nd molar), 8 (3rd molar)

22
Q

If:
- the CI erupts before the 1st molar
- the 1st PM erupts before the canine

Will this cause significant changes in the mandible?

A

NO

23
Q

If:
- the C erupts before the LI
- the 2nd permanent M erupts before the 2nd PM

Will this cause significant changes in the mandible?

A

YES

If the 2nd permanent molar erupts before the 2nd PM: this will cause a lack of space for the PM

24
Q

Eruption sequence in the maxilla:

A

6 (1st molar), 1 (CI), 2 (LI), 4 (1st PM), 5 (2nd PM), 3 (canine), 7 (2nd molar), 8 (3rd molar)

25
Q

If:
- the CI erupts before the 1st permanent molar
- the canine erupts before the 2nd PM

Will this cause significant changes in the maxilla?

A

NO

26
Q

If:
- the 2nd permanent molar erupts before the exfoliation of the 2nd temporary molar

Will this cause significant changes in the maxilla?

A

YES

27
Q

What are the dimensional changes associated with teeth replacement in the anterior teeth according to Black?

A
  • MD diameter of permanent incisors (widest teeth MD, 8) is greater than in primary incisors
  • difference: 7.6 in the maxilla and 6 in the mandible
28
Q

Factors that compensate for the lack of space are:

A
  • presence of diastemas
  • a higher buccal inclination of the permanent incisors (125 degrees for permanent teeth and 150 degrees for temporary teeth)
  • primate spaces
  • inter canine increased width (by increasing size of the maxilla)
29
Q

What are the dimensional changes associated with teeth replacement in the posterior teeth according to Black?

A
  • the MD diameter of the permanent canine + 1st PM + 2nd PM is smaller than the diameter of the temporary canine + 1st temporary molar + 2nd temporary molar==> leeway space
  • difference in size: 1.8mm in the maxilla (0.9 on each side) and 3.4mm in the mandible (1.7 on each side)
30
Q

Eruption of 1st lower molar:
- at which age
- direction
- months
- which cusp erupts first
- what must occur for its eruption to take place

A
  • 6 years old
  • mesial and lingual
  • 12-16 months, slower eruption than in single rooted teeth
  • mesial cusp first
  • reabsorption of the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
31
Q

Eruption of 1st upper molar:
- at which age
- direction
- months
- which cusp erupts first
- what must occur for its eruption to take place

A
  • 6 years old
  • distal and buccally
  • 7-10 months
  • bone apposition in the tuberosity will take place to accommodate the molar
32
Q

Determinants of molar relationship:

A
  • terminal plane (primary molars)
  • differential growth of the maxilla-mandible
  • leeway space
  • eruption sequence
  • diastema location
33
Q

Eruption of lower central incisor
- at which age
- direction

A
  • 6 years old
  • erupts lingual and tongue moves them to a buccal position
34
Q

Eruption of upper central incisor
- at which age
- direction
- speed of eruption

A
  • 7 years old
  • buccal
  • high speed
35
Q

Eruption of lower lateral incisors:
- at which age
- direction
- why might they suffer space problems such as rotations

A
  • 7 years old
  • erupt more lingual and tongues leads them to buccal
  • due to the eruption of the lower canines
36
Q

Eruption of upper lateral incisors:
- at which age
- direction
- speed of eruption

A
  • 8 years old
  • buccal
  • slower eruption than central
37
Q

Usually the upper incisors erupt ____ while the lower incisors erupt ____ and the ____ pushes them back into position?

A

Buccally
Lingual
Tongue

38
Q

Intra-bone position: maxilla: Central incisors erupt with a distal angulation resulting in an initial ____
The eruption of the lateral incisors starts from a more ___ position which makes their eruption ____

A

Diastema
Palatal
More complex

39
Q

Intra-bone position: when do diastemas close?

A

When lateral incisors erupt

40
Q

Eruption of lower canines:
- at which age
- do they usually have eruption problems
- in an xray—> in which position is the mandibular canine in comparison to the PM, and why is it in that position

A
  • 9 years old
  • no, even though they’re usually crowded
  • mandibular canine is in a lower position than the PM, even though it erupts before, this is because its eruption is faster
41
Q

Eruption of upper canines:
- at which age
- in an xray—> in which position is the germ compared to the rest of the teeth
- frequent problems include

A
  • 11 years old
  • higher position
  • impactation or buccal eruption
42
Q

The period from 8-12 years old is known as?

A

Ugly duckling stage

43
Q

Ugly duckling stage: from 8 years old:

A

The germ of the upper canine starts to go down touching the roots of the LI and pushing them to mesial, while the crown moves to distal

44
Q

Ugly ducking stage: at around 12 years old:

A

These malpositions and diastemas are corrected by the complete eruption of the upper canines (without performing any orthodontic treatment)

45
Q

Eruption of lower 1st PM:
- at which age
- direction
- which cusps erupts first

A
  • 10 years old
  • perpendicular to the occlusal plane
  • buccal cusp
46
Q

Eruption of upper 1st PM:
- at which age
- its ____ is important for the occlusion

A
  • 9 years old
  • interlocking
47
Q

Eruption of lower 2nd PM:
- at which age
- between 1st PM and 1st M: may ____

A
  • 11 years old
  • may lack space
48
Q

Eruption of upper 2nd PM:
- at which age
- if the 2nd permanent molar erupts before —>

A
  • 10 years old
  • may lack space for its eruption, the 2nd permanent molar would push the 1st molar, closing the space for then 2nd PM
49
Q

Eruption of lower 2nd molar:
- at which age
- direction
- which cusp erupts first

A
  • 12 years old
  • mesial and lingual like in 1st lower molar
  • mesial cusp also like in 1st lower molar
50
Q

Eruption of upper 2nd molar:
- at which age
- direction
- which cusp erupts first

A
  • 12 years old
  • distal and buccal like in upper 1st molars
  • mesial cusps
51
Q

Eruption of lower 3rd molar:
- at which age
- direction
- which cusp erupts first
- problems with

A
  • 15-20 years old
  • mesial lingual like in lower 1st and 2nd molars
  • mesial cusps also like in lower 1st and 2nd molars
  • impactation
52
Q

Eruption of upper 3rd molar:
- at which age
- direction
- which cusp erupts first
- problems with

A
  • 15-20 years old
  • distal vestibular like in upper 1st and 2nd molars
  • mesial cusp also like in upper 2nd molar
  • impactation

Paediatrics (11 decks)

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