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Paediatrics > Chapter 2: Clinical History Of The Patient > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Clinical History Of The Patient Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the basis for a correct diagnosis and treatment plan ?

A

A proper clinical history and examination

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2
Q

When can the child start using fluoride mouthwashes?

A

6 years

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3
Q

The examination includes?

A
  • physical examination
  • general examination
  • facial examination
  • intraoral examination
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4
Q

Examination with the presence of parents, which ages?

A

<2 years
And preschool children (2-3 years, depends if the child speaks or not)

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5
Q

Examination without the presence of parents, which ages?

A

> 3 years: school age children and adolescents

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6
Q

Examination of children < 2 years, position?

A

Infants: not on dental chair, the dentist sits knee to knee with the mother and the child lies on the lap of both facing the mother

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7
Q

Examination of children until 3 years old, position?

A

The mother on the chair and the child sits up
The mother helps to restringe the child

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8
Q

What method do we use during physical examinations?

A

Tell-show-do

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9
Q

Frenulum hypertrophy?

A

Very frequent in upper frenulum or if the lingual frenulum is too short it could interfere with breastfeeding, tongue wont have normal mobility—>abnormal breastfeeding

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10
Q

A short frenulum could cause?

A

Recession

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11
Q

Geographic tongue?

A

Benign migratory glossitis

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12
Q

Oral breathing could cause?

A

Hypertrophy and malocclusion

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13
Q

How to test if the cause of diastema is the frenulum?

A

Graber test: lift upper lip, if we observe ischemia, then the frenulum fibers are too deeply inserted and the frenulum is the cause of the diastema

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14
Q

Extrinsic staining?

A

Black tooth stains usually caused by changes in the micro flora

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15
Q

Odontogram: teeth present are marked with?

A

A circle

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16
Q

Odontogram: caries are marked with?

A

Red

17
Q

Odontogram: treatments already done are marked with?

A

Blue

18
Q

Odontogram: radiographic decay is marked with?

A

green

19
Q

Odontogram: tooth to extract are marked with?

A

A cross

20
Q

Odontogram: badly erupted teeth are marked with?

A

A red circle

21
Q

Diagnostic tests include:

A
  • Radiographic exam
  • models analysis
  • cephalometric analysis
  • photographs
  • pulp sensibility/ vitality tests
  • transillumination
  • nutritional interview (diet analysis)
  • caries susceptibility tests
  • oral hygiene index
  • supplementary medical reports
22
Q

When do you take a panoramic x-ray?

A

@ 6 years old, when the first permanent molas erupt

23
Q

Models are used to study?

A
  • shape of the arches, compressions
  • space analysis: tooth size-arch length discrepancy (TSALD)
  • arches relation in anterior-posterior, transverse and vertical direction
24
Q

How many photographs do we take during the diagnostic tests?

A
  • 3 facial: frontal, right, left
  • 5 intraoral: arch in occlusion from the front, arch in occlusion from the right, arch in occlusion from the left, upper arch and lower arch
25
Q

Caries susceptibility test? Alban test:

A

To determine the metabolic capacity of the acidophile flora from the saliva

26
Q

Oral hygiene index: plaque index?

A
  • the amount of plaque on teeth
  • PI= the number of plaque surfaces/number of dental surfaces (number of teeth x 4) x 100
  • OCCLUSAL SURFACE NOT COUNTED
  • there’s a correlation between plaque and bleeding of the gums
27
Q

Oral hygiene index: gingival index?

A
  • bleeding surfaces are calculated
  • bleeding of the gums produced by periodontal probe
  • GI= number of bleeding surfaces/number of dental surfaces (number of teeth x 4) x 100
28
Q

Oral hygiene index: caries index? !!

A
  • DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs
29
Q

Caries index: what is not counted in the calculation?

A

Sealants
Agenesis
Radiographic caries
Supernumeraries

30
Q

Caries index: PC and extractions are counted as?

A

5

Paediatrics (11 decks)

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