Chapter 2: Clinical History Of The Patient Flashcards
What’s the basis for a correct diagnosis and treatment plan ?
A proper clinical history and examination
When can the child start using fluoride mouthwashes?
6 years
The examination includes?
- physical examination
- general examination
- facial examination
- intraoral examination
Examination with the presence of parents, which ages?
<2 years
And preschool children (2-3 years, depends if the child speaks or not)
Examination without the presence of parents, which ages?
> 3 years: school age children and adolescents
Examination of children < 2 years, position?
Infants: not on dental chair, the dentist sits knee to knee with the mother and the child lies on the lap of both facing the mother
Examination of children until 3 years old, position?
The mother on the chair and the child sits up
The mother helps to restringe the child
What method do we use during physical examinations?
Tell-show-do
Frenulum hypertrophy?
Very frequent in upper frenulum or if the lingual frenulum is too short it could interfere with breastfeeding, tongue wont have normal mobility—>abnormal breastfeeding
A short frenulum could cause?
Recession
Geographic tongue?
Benign migratory glossitis
Oral breathing could cause?
Hypertrophy and malocclusion
How to test if the cause of diastema is the frenulum?
Graber test: lift upper lip, if we observe ischemia, then the frenulum fibers are too deeply inserted and the frenulum is the cause of the diastema
Extrinsic staining?
Black tooth stains usually caused by changes in the micro flora
Odontogram: teeth present are marked with?
A circle
Odontogram: caries are marked with?
Red
Odontogram: treatments already done are marked with?
Blue
Odontogram: radiographic decay is marked with?
green
Odontogram: tooth to extract are marked with?
A cross
Odontogram: badly erupted teeth are marked with?
A red circle
Diagnostic tests include:
- Radiographic exam
- models analysis
- cephalometric analysis
- photographs
- pulp sensibility/ vitality tests
- transillumination
- nutritional interview (diet analysis)
- caries susceptibility tests
- oral hygiene index
- supplementary medical reports
When do you take a panoramic x-ray?
@ 6 years old, when the first permanent molas erupt
Models are used to study?
- shape of the arches, compressions
- space analysis: tooth size-arch length discrepancy (TSALD)
- arches relation in anterior-posterior, transverse and vertical direction
How many photographs do we take during the diagnostic tests?
- 3 facial: frontal, right, left
- 5 intraoral: arch in occlusion from the front, arch in occlusion from the right, arch in occlusion from the left, upper arch and lower arch
