Chapter 8 Threats to aviation

Question 1

What is the cause of decompression sickness?

Answer 1

Nitrogen from the body is released and forms small gas bubbles which block blood vessels.

Question 2

Decompression sickness can be avoided by:

Avoiding flights with a cabin altitude of _____ft?
Maintaining cabin altitude of ____ft?
Breathing ____% ______ __ mins before and during flight?

Answer 2

> 18,000ft +
< 8,000ft
Breathing 100% oxygen 30mins before and during flight

Question 3

Symptoms of decompression sickness are:
(4)

Answer 3

The bends - Joints
The creeps - skin
The chokes - Choking sensation
The staggers - Disturbances in walking

Question 4

There should be a gap between Scuba diving (not snorkeling) and flying.
What is that gap?

Shallow diving (30ft or less) with compressed air
Deeper diving (30ft or more) with compressed air

Answer 4

Shallow diving (30ft or less) with compressed air - 12hours
Deeper diving (30ft or more) with compressed air - 24hours

Question 5

Why would you put someone in a compression chamber?
What does it do?

Answer 5

Suffering decompression sickness.
Forces nitrogen back into sollution

Question 6

What kind of acceleration would be experienced when increasing or decreasing speed?

Answer 6

Linear acceleration

Question 7

An aircraft is pitching up or down. What type of acceleration is this?

Answer 7

Angular acceleration

Question 8

An aircraft is pitching up or down. What type of acceleration is this?

Answer 8

Angular acceleration

Question 9

The effects on positive-G on the human body will depend on: (3)

Answer 9

Magnitude
Duration
Speed of onset

Question 10

Effects of positive G

Answer 10

Apparent increase in body weight.
Mobility impaired.
Internal organs are displaced downwards from their normal positions.
The blood accumulates in the lower parts of the body.
Reduction of blood pressure in the head and blood supply to the brain, heart and eyes.
Eyes receive less oxygen.

Question 11

Incomplete combustion of fuel can create what?

Answer 11

Carbon Monoxide

Question 12

What does haemoglobin like 200 times more than oxygen?

Answer 12

Carbon monoxide

Question 13

What actions can be taken if you suspect carbon monoxide?

Answer 13

Ventilate
land
close hot air vents

Question 14

Carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms:

Answer 14

Headache
Dizziness
flu-like symptoms
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Sore throat
Dry cough

Long term:
Bright pink skin
mental confusion
Unconscious
Death

Question 15

What are the risks to people specifically at high altitude? (3)

Answer 15

OZone
Cosmic radiation
UV

Question 16

What is the altitude at which the pilot should start carrying radiation monitoring equipment.
What is the monitoring equipment monitoring?

Answer 16

49,000 +
Instant dose
Cumulative dose

Question 17

Which tube equalised the pressure in the middle ear with ambient pressure?

Answer 17

The eustachian tube

Question 18

Barotrauma is caused by rapid or extreme changes in air pressure, especially affecting enclosed cavities within the body
There are 4 main types:

Answer 18

Otic
Sinus
Gastrointestinal
Aerodontalgia

Question 19

Which type of Barotrauma can we worse in the decent?

Answer 19

Otic

Question 20

What is the name of the technique used to equalise the pressure either side of the eustachian tube?
Holding the nose and blowing?

Answer 20

Valsalva

Question 21

A cold can make two types of barotrauma significantly worse. Which two?
Otic
Sinus
Gastrointestinal
Aerodontalgia

Answer 21

Otic
Sinus

Question 22

What is the most common type on infight incapacitation for flight crew?

Answer 22

Gastrointestinal upsets.