Chapter 2 - The human organism

Question 1

What are the three major components of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Heart
Arteries
Veins

Question 2

Heart rate x stroke volume =

Answer 2

Cardiac output

Question 3

What is the normal pulse rate for a resting adult

Answer 3

70 beats per minute

Question 4

What is the normal cardiac output?

Answer 4

5.2 litres per minute

Question 5

Systolic blood pressure is the pressure measures when the _____ _________

Answer 5

heart contracts

Question 6

Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure measures when the _____ ______ _________

Answer 6

heart muscle contracts

Question 7

Blood pressure is measures in what unit?

Answer 7

mmHg

Question 8

A young, healthy blood pressure is

Answer 8

Systolic 120 mmHg
Diastolic 80 mmHg

Question 9

The main constituents of blood are (4)

Answer 9

Red
White
Plasma
Platelets

Question 10

What do red blood cells do

Answer 10

Carry oxygen

Question 11

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 11

fight infection

Question 12

What to the platelets in the blood do

Answer 12

Repair damage

Question 13

What does plasma do?

Answer 13

It provides a transporting medium

Question 14

What is the purpose of haemoglobin?

Answer 14

Increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the red blood cells.

Question 15

What is the name of the condition where you have a lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells or both?

Answer 15

Anarmia

Question 16

What could the causes of anaemia be?

Answer 16

Iron deficiency
illness
loss of blood from an injury
or other sources of bleeding such as ulcers.

Question 17

Hypertension describes what

Answer 17

Excessively high blood pressure

Question 18

Hypotension describes what

Answer 18

Excessively lower blood pressure

Question 19

What can hypertension lead to

Answer 19

Thickening and reduced strength of the heart muscle and thickening and narrowing of blood vessels

Question 20

What can hypotension cause

Answer 20

Dizziness
shortness of breath
fainting
in extreme cases coma

Question 21

Would hypotension or hypertension preclude you from a class one medical?

Answer 21

Yes it is possible

Question 22

What can cause hypertension

Answer 22

Age
hereditary factors
obesity
alcohol consumption
smoking
stress
use of the pill
salt intake
lack of exercise
certain medical conditions

Question 23

How can hypertension be treated

Answer 23

Hypertension may be correctable with drugs and by addressing the root causes

Question 24

Hypertension is a major risk factor for

Answer 24

A stroke

Question 25

______ Is a progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries. It can cause shortness of breath and chest pain when exercising.

Answer 25

Angina

Question 26

A _____ ______ is caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery. It causes intense chest pain, a crushing sensation in the chest, high pulse rate, pale pallor and sweating. It can also cause complete cardiac arrest.

Answer 26

Heart attack

Question 27

What are the major risk factors for coronary disease?

Answer 27

Hypertension
High cholesterol
Obesity
Smoking
Lack of exercise

Question 28

How does exercise reduce the chances of developing coronary disease

Answer 28

It strengthens the heart muscle
improves circulation,
increases the number of red blood cells,
improves blood flow,
reduces blood pressure

Question 29

What are the reasons for an increase in pulse rate?

Answer 29

Age
lack of fitness
ambient temperature
illness
pain
emotional arousal
Also increases when digesting food