Chapter 2 - The human organism Flashcards
What are the three major components of the circulatory system
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Heart rate x stroke volume =
Cardiac output
What is the normal pulse rate for a resting adult
70 beats per minute
What is the normal cardiac output?
5.2 litres per minute
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure measures when the _____ _________
heart contracts
Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure measures when the _____ ______ _________
heart muscle contracts
Blood pressure is measures in what unit?
mmHg
A young, healthy blood pressure is
Systolic 120 mmHg
Diastolic 80 mmHg
The main constituents of blood are (4)
Red
White
Plasma
Platelets
What do red blood cells do
Carry oxygen
What do white blood cells do?
fight infection
What to the platelets in the blood do
Repair damage
What does plasma do?
It provides a transporting medium
What is the purpose of haemoglobin?
Increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the red blood cells.
What is the name of the condition where you have a lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells or both?
Anarmia
What could the causes of anaemia be?
Iron deficiency
illness
loss of blood from an injury
or other sources of bleeding such as ulcers.
Hypertension describes what
Excessively high blood pressure
Hypotension describes what
Excessively lower blood pressure
What can hypertension lead to
Thickening and reduced strength of the heart muscle and thickening and narrowing of blood vessels
What can hypotension cause
Dizziness
shortness of breath
fainting
in extreme cases coma
Would hypotension or hypertension preclude you from a class one medical?
Yes it is possible
What can cause hypertension
Age
hereditary factors
obesity
alcohol consumption
smoking
stress
use of the pill
salt intake
lack of exercise
certain medical conditions
How can hypertension be treated
Hypertension may be correctable with drugs and by addressing the root causes
Hypertension is a major risk factor for
A stroke
______ Is a progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries. It can cause shortness of breath and chest pain when exercising.
Angina
A _____ ______ is caused by a complete blockage of a coronary artery. It causes intense chest pain, a crushing sensation in the chest, high pulse rate, pale pallor and sweating. It can also cause complete cardiac arrest.
Heart attack
What are the major risk factors for coronary disease?
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Obesity
Smoking
Lack of exercise
How does exercise reduce the chances of developing coronary disease
It strengthens the heart muscle
improves circulation,
increases the number of red blood cells,
improves blood flow,
reduces blood pressure
What are the reasons for an increase in pulse rate?
Age
lack of fitness
ambient temperature
illness
pain
emotional arousal
Also increases when digesting food
