Chapter 8 - Theories, Models And Interventions

Question 1

The health belief model contains 4 central constructs

Answer 1

1. Perceived susceptibility (an individual’s assessment of their
   risk of getting the condition)
2. Perceived severity (an individual’s assessment of the
   seriousness of the condition, and its potential
   consequences)
3. Perceived barriers (an individual’s assessment of the
   influences that facilitate or discourage adoption of the
   promoted behaviour)
4. Perceived benefits (an individual’s assessment of the
   positive consequences of adopting the behaviour)

Question 2

According to the health belief model, the likelihood of a behaviour happening in influenced by ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 2

Perceived threats, perceived expectations and cues to action.

Question 3

Protection motivation theory was developed by

Answer 3

Rogers

Question 4

According to protection motivation theory, behaviour change is best achieved by

Answer 4

Appealing to individuals fear

Question 5

Protection motivation theory proposes 2 types of appraisals and 4 constructs that influence the intention to protect oneself

Answer 5

Threat appraisal
-Perceived severity of a threat
-Perceived probability of occurrence or vulnerability
Coping appraisal
-Efficacy of recommended preventative behaviour
-Perceived self-efficacy

Question 6

Protection motivation theory is ineffective because

Answer 6

Promoting response effectiveness and self-efficacy are more effective than appealing to fears

Question 7

Theory of reasoned action is based on the assumption that

Answer 7

A person is likely to do what he or she intends to do

Question 8

Theory of reasoned action says that a behaviour is influenced by an ___, which is influenced by ___ and ___.

Answer 8

Intention, attitudes, and norms

Question 9

The theory of planned behaviour adds ___ to the theory of reasoned action.

Answer 9

Perceived behavioural control

Question 10

Theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behaviour were created by:

Answer 10

Ajzen

Question 11

The theory of planned behaviour only accounted for about ___% of health behaviour.

Answer 11

19%

Question 12

The common sense model was proposed by

Answer 12

Leventhal

Question 13

The common sense model is also known as the

Answer 13

Self-regulatory model

Question 14

The common sense model identifies 5 components of illness representations

Answer 14

Identity
Cause
Timeline
Consequences
Curability/Controllability

Question 15

The information-motivation-behavioural skills model says that ____ is a prerequisite to action, motivation and developing behavioural skills

Answer 15

Learning of health related information

Question 16

The information-motivation-behavioural skills model would say that learning how to use a condom would or would not predict using a condom during sexual behaviours?

Answer 16

Learning how to use a condom would predict using a condom during relations

Question 17

The transtheoretical (or stages of change) model has six discrete stages of change and one additional stage. They are:

Answer 17

1. Pre-contemplation – a person is not intending to take
   action in the next six months
2. Contemplation – a person is intending to change in the next six months.
3. Preparation – a person is intending to take action in the
   next month
4. Action – a person is making specific overt modifications
   in his/her lifestyle
5. Maintenance – a person is working to prevent relapse, a
   stage that is estimated to last from six months to about
   five years
6. Termination – an individual has zero temptation and
   100% self-efficacy

• Relapse – an individual reverts to a previous stage

Question 18

The transtheoretical model suggests that ___ is a normal part of change

Answer 18

Relapse

Question 19

A criticism of the the transtheoretical model is

Answer 19

That there are discrete stages and arbitrary time periods

Question 20

The model with the most support for intervention efficacy in the research is:

Answer 20

The transtheoretical model

Question 21

The social cognitive theory was proposed by

Answer 21

Bandura

Question 22

The social cognitive theory claims that learning about health related concerns can be done through:

Answer 22

social observation

Question 23

The social cognitive theory emphasizes

Answer 23

Self-efficacy

Question 24

Social cognitive theory claims 4 sources of self-efficacy:

Answer 24

• Performance accomplishments: past experiences of
success and failure
• Vicarious experience: witnessing others’ successes
and failures
• Verbal persuasion: being told by others that one can
or cannot competently perform a particular behaviour
• Emotional arousal: when engaging in a particular
behaviour in a specific situation.

Question 25

A criticism of social cognitive theory is that

Answer 25

Many of the other theories already include self-efficacy as a central component with much more surrounding it

Question 26

The name of the theoretical integration is called ___, which stands for ___, ___, ___, and the ___.

Answer 26

COM-B
-Capability 
-Opportunity
-Motivation 
And the: 
-Behaviour change wheel

Question 27

The theoretical domains framework is

Answer 27

A process for critiquing models.

Question 28

The theoretical domains framework determined that choices are constrained

Answer 28

Biologically, culturally, economically and environmentally

Question 29

The constraints identified in the theoretical domains framework explain why other theories of health behaviour rarely explain a large part of the behaviour, this is because they focus on

Answer 29

The individual

Question 30

The ability to act on an intention is largely impacted by

Answer 30

Self-efficacy and choice

Question 31

“The elephant in the room” refers to the fact that

Answer 31

Bad results sometimes result in doing nothing or statistical manipulation

Question 32

The homeostasis theory of well-being has 4 components that are constantly interacting with each other. These are

Answer 32

• Well-being
• Cognitive appraisals
• Emotions
• Action

Question 33

A counterpoint to the homeostatic theory of well-being is that

Answer 33

Allostasis can sometimes change someone’s set point of well-being due to stress

Question 34

A good behavioural technique has the following characteristics:

Answer 34

It is:
-Observable
-Replicable
-Irreducible 
And contains a component of the intervention that is designed to change behaviour