Chapter 12 - Tobacco And Smoking

Question 1

Models of addiction include:

Answer 1

• the moral model
• the medical model
• the biopsychosocial model
• the criminal model
• the harm reduction model

Question 2

The process of dependency progresses in the following order:

Answer 2

1. Experimentation
2. Light Recreational Use
3. Heavy Recreational Use
4. Dependency

Question 3

Tolerance is defined as the following 2 possibilities in the DSM-5:

Answer 3

• a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
• markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance

Question 4

Withdrawal is defined in the DSM-5 to be either of the following:

Answer 4

• the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance

* the same (or closely related) substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 5

The CAGE acronym for assessing addiction stands for:

Answer 5

• cut down
• annoyed by others
• guilty for use
• eye-opener

Question 6

Smoking is considered a cause of ___, especially among youth, and is highly related to an increase in ___ among adolescents

Answer 6

Depression

Anxiety

Question 7

In 1965, ___% of the adult male population in Canada was smoking

Answer 7

61%

Question 8

Smoking peaked in the USA in the 40’s and 50’s with about ___% of the adult male population smoking. It was as high as ___% in Britain during this period

Answer 8

67% USA

80% Britain

Question 9

Smoking started by the ___ in the ___ century BCE

Answer 9

Mayans

1st century BCE

Question 10

This individual is said to be responsible for the introduction of potatoes and tobacco to England

Answer 10

Sir Walter Raleigh

Question 11

In 2015, ___% or ___ million Americans actively smoke.

Answer 11

15% or 36.5million

Question 12

___ million Americans live with a smoking-related disease which equates to ___ billion dollars in medical costs per year

Answer 12

16 million

75 billion dollars

Question 13

___ million brits smoke, and ___ million are ex smokers

Answer 13

10 million actively smoke

15 million ex smokers

Question 14

Brits experience ___ deaths per year while Americans experience ___ deaths per year related to tobacco

Answer 14

120,000 brits

480,000 Americans

Question 15

Worldwide, ___ billion people smoke, __ million deaths per year are attributable to smoking, and it causes ___ trillion dollars of economic damage per year

Answer 15

2 billion smoke
6 million die
1/2 trillion dollars in damage

Question 16

Risk of dying from lung cancer is ___x higher for men and ___x higher for women who smoke

Answer 16

22x higher for men

12x higher for women

Question 17

On average, men’s lives are cut short ___ years from smoking and women’s lives are cut ___ years short from smoking.

Answer 17

13. 2 years of men

14. 5 years for women

Question 18

The highest rate of smokers in the world is ___ with 76% of adults that smoke, and the lowest is ___ with 8.9%.

Answer 18

Indonesia highest

Ethiopia lowest

Question 19

Royal college of physicians of the UK concluded that cigarette smoke may be a cause of lung cancer in ___

Answer 19

1962

Question 20

Minister of Health in Canadian House of Commons announced smoking was linked to cancer in ___

Answer 20

1963

Question 21

Surgeon General’s Warning came out in ___

Answer 21

1964

Question 22

Canada experiences ___ deaths per year from smoking

Answer 22

45,000

Question 23

Smoking accounts for at least ___% of all cancer deaths

Answer 23

30%

Question 24

For countries that institute an advertising ban, smoking rates drop between ___% and ___%

Answer 24

Between 4% and 16%

Question 25

In 2000, the EU spent ___€ on tobacco farming subsides and only ___€ on anti smoking campaigns

Answer 25

€984.5 million in subsidies

€64 million on anti smoking campaigns

Question 26

In terms of genetics, family heredity scores account for about ___% to ___% for the risk of smoking

Answer 26

50% to 70%

Question 27

Most cigarettes contain ___mg of nicotine, ___mg of which is inhaled

Answer 27

10mg

1-2mg

Question 28

Peak levels of biological response to inhalation of cigarette smoke occurs within ___ to ___ seconds

Answer 28

7 to 10 seconds

Question 29

The three main theories of smoking and their main concepts are:

Answer 29

Biological: nicotine is an addictive substance and it is rewarding to the brain
Psychological: smoking is a learned habit which is conditioned with pleasant associations, and is used as a stress reliever
Social: social reinforcement from peers helps continue the habit of smoking despite initial negative physiological consequences when beginning to smoke

Question 30

Nicotine replacement therapy can have negative side effects, especially for:

Answer 30

Pregnant women and children

Question 31

This type of smoking reduction method may use a ‘buddy system’

Answer 31

Social support and stress management

Question 32

The American cancer society says that ___% of smokers quit cold turkey or by slowly lowering amounts (I.e. without smoking cessation aids)

Answer 32

91.4%

Question 33

This drug is sometimes used for smoking cessation strategies and is a dopamine and norepinephrine reputable inhibiter:

Answer 33

Buproprian

Question 34

This drug is brand labelled as Champix and is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial antagonist:

Answer 34

Varenicline

Question 35

E-cigarettes were first developed in ___ in the year ___

Answer 35

China, 2003

Question 36

An estimated ___ adults use e cigarettes in Great Britain

Answer 36

2.8 million

Question 37

E-cigarettes may be dangerous because the influence it may have upon this demographic:

Answer 37

Young people