Chapter 11 - Alcohol

Question 1

Alcohol is banned in many countries worldwide with populations mostly consisting of this religion:

Answer 1

Muslim

Question 2

American prohibition ran from:

Answer 2

1920-1934

Question 3

Beginning around 1826 in the USA, temperance societies promoted the view that:

Answer 3

alcohol is an addictive substance and that alcoholics are

essentially helpless victims of a disease of addiction

Question 4

A group similar to but predates Alcoholics Anonymous is the:

Answer 4

Washingtonians

Question 5

The temperance movement, AA and the standard medical model state that this is the only way to be cured:

Answer 5

Complete abstinence

Question 6

UK millennium cohort study reported that ___% of 11 year olds had reported being drunk

Answer 6

1.2%

Question 7

UK millennium cohort study reported that ___% of 11 year olds had reported having had 5 or more drinks in a single episode

Answer 7

0.6%

Question 8

High levels of consumption exist in former ___ countries.

Answer 8

Socialist

Question 9

If starting to drink at or before age 14 lifetime dependence rates are at ___%, whereas they drop to ___% if drinking starts at or after age 20

Answer 9

40%

10%

Question 10

The disease model says that a person must completely abstain to be cured of alcoholism. The USA medical profession is highly influenced by this group who perpetuates this model:

Answer 10

Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 11

This feminist pushed for prohibition in Canada and the USA, and for women’s suffrage

Answer 11

Women’s Christian Temperance Movement

Question 12

Women received the right to vote provincially first with Manitoba in ___ and finally in quebec in ___.

Answer 12

1916

1940

Question 13

In 2007 the World Health Organisation estimated that
___% of global mortality and ___% of disease was
attributable to alcohol

Answer 13

3. 7%

4. 4%

Question 14

The global burden of disease from alcohol is as low as ___% in the poorest countries and as high as ___% in former socialist countries

Answer 14

1. 3%

12. 1%

Question 15

In the EU, young people aged 15-29, alcohol is estimated to lead to ___% of male mortality and ___% of female mortality. These numbers are likely understated because:

Answer 15

25%
10%
They exclude social harm that could be related to alcohol use

Question 16

In the British system of informal measurement one unit is ___gm of alcohol

Answer 16

8g

Question 17

Moderate drinking is considered to be an average daily consumption of ___ units per day for men, ___ units for women. Anything less than half of these values is considered light drinking.

Answer 17

3 units for men

2 units for women

Question 18

Heavy drinking is considered to be an average daily consumption of ___ units per day for men, ___ units for women

Answer 18

7 units for men

5 units for women

Question 19

Binge drinking is defined as having ___ units in one session for males and ___ units in one session for females

Answer 19

5 for men

4 for women

Question 20

In Canada, the limits for moderate drinking are still at 3 units for men, and 2 units for women per day. However, it’s also defined by a weekly consumption limit of ___ units for men and ___ units for women

Answer 20

15 per week for men

10 per week for women

Question 21

Alcohol is responsible for as much as ___% of all cancers in men and ___% in women

Answer 21

10%

3%

Question 22

Alcohol is responsible for as much as ___% of aerodigestive tract cancers in men and ___% in women

Answer 22

44%

25%

Question 23

Alcohol is responsible for as much as ___% of liver cancers in men and ___% in women

Answer 23

33%

18%

Question 24

Alcohol is responsible for as much as ___% of colorectum cancers in men and ___% in women

Answer 24

17%

4%

Question 25

Alcohol is responsible for as much as ___% of breast cancers

Answer 25

5%

Question 26

___% of US males are codependent on alcohol and tobacco. These effects are dangerous because they’re not just additive, they’re ___ for cancer of the oesophagus

Answer 26

• 7%

- Multiplicative (or synergistic)

Question 27

___% of drivers killed within one hour of an accident tested positive for alcohol

Answer 27

39.7%

Question 28

Physical illnesses related to alcohol include:

Answer 28

liver cirrhosis, acute pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, various cancers

Question 29

Despite some evidence that light drinking in early pregnancy can lead to an increased risk of miscarriage, the evidence linking linking moderate levels of alcohol consumption to fetal damage is inconsistent. Still, Canada takes this approach to drinking while pregnant:

Answer 29

Avoid alcohol altogether

Question 30

FASD facial features are mainly marked by these 3 features:

Answer 30

• Small eyes
• Smooth philtrum
• Thin Upper lip

Question 31

Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder accounts for ___% of all young offenders appearing in court in Saskatchewan

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

For individuals with Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder, between 12 and 21 years of age:
– ___% will have mental health problems;
– ___% will have “disrupted school experience”;
– ___% will experience trouble with the law;
– ___% will be confined in prison, drug or alcohol treatment centre or mental institution;
– ___% will exhibit inappropriate sexual behaviour

Answer 32

– 95% will have mental health problems;
– 68% will have “disrupted school experience”;
– 68% will experience trouble with the law;
– 55% will be confined in prison, drug or alcohol treatment centre or mental institution;
– 52% will exhibit inappropriate sexual behaviour

Question 33

A large number of studies have reported a ___ shaped function between alcohol consumption and heart disease with light and moderate drinkers at lower risk than non-drinkers

Answer 33

J

Question 34

The J shaped function of alcohol benefits might be skewed because:

Answer 34

Individuals who do not drink include many who already have poor health and are instructed not to consume alcohol

Question 35

Most causes of alcoholism are likely ___ with only a ___% to ___% probability if heritability

Answer 35

Environmental

30%-36%

Question 36

Physiological symptoms of alcohol withdrawal include:

Answer 36

Tremors, sweating, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, convulsions and can even be fatal

Question 37

These two individuals perpetuated the idea physiological addiction and dependence which can only be treated by lifelong abstinence

Answer 37

Benjamin rush and Thomas trotter

Question 38

Learning theories of problem drinking consider low consumption to be ___ with a fast onset. High consumption which leads to social problems has a slower onset and it is less likely to form an ___. This term is called the ___.

Answer 38

• Positively reinforced
• Associated
• gradient of reinforcement

Question 39

WHO acknowledges that 50% of the worlds alcohol is consumed by the top ___% of consumers. 30% of the alcohol is consumed by ___% of people.

Answer 39

10%

3%

Question 40

Alcohol problem specialists are nearly unanimous in their support for the ___ approach for reducing consumption

Answer 40

Population-based approach

Question 41

Policies to reduce consumption include:

Answer 41

– higher levels of taxation on alcoholic drinks
– restrictions on advertising and sponsorship
– limiting opening hour for bars
– imposing tight controls on which stores can sell alcohol and the
hours during which they can do so

Question 42

The alcohol industry most supports the following model:

Answer 42

Disease model perpetuated by Alcoholics Anonymous

Question 43

The ___ clinic in Vancouver doesn’t require abstinence for their treatment program

Answer 43

Alavida

Question 44

Miller et al. (2001) analysed data from seven large studies
looking at how people fared during the year after treatment for alcoholism:
• 1 in __ clients were abstinent
• 1 in __ used alcohol moderately without problems
• The remaining two thirds made significant improvements on
average, reducing their overall alcohol consumption by __%

Answer 44

• 1 in 4 clients were abstinent
• 1 in 10 used alcohol moderately without problems
• The remaining two thirds made significant improvements on average, reducing their overall alcohol consumption by 87%

Question 45

Motivational interviewing is a type of treatment that offers clients the option of:

Answer 45

abstinence or a return to normal levels of drinking

Question 46

There is a lot of evidence that the following treatment types are most effective for alcohol treatment:

Answer 46

• Brief interventions (such as those given by a GP encouraging to reduce consumption)
• motivational interviewing
• CBT