Chapter 8 The Progressive Movement 1890-1920 Flashcards
Crusading journalists who investigated social conditions and political corruption in America, promoting reform
Muckrakers
A muckraker who used photography to describe the poverty, crime, and disease that occurred in NYC immigrant neighborhoods
Jacob Riis
A Republican governor in Wisconsin who pressured state legislatures to pass a law requiring parties to hold a direct primary
Robert M. La Follete
An event in which party members could vote for a candidate to run for the general election
Direct Primary
A reform that permitted a group of citizens to introduce legislation and required the legislature to vote on it
Initiative
A reform that allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws directly (without going to the legislature)
Referendum
A reform that provided voters the option to hold a special election to remove an elected official from office before their term had expired
Recall
The right to vote
Suffrage
The leader of the NAWSA that tried to mobilize the suffrage movement and defeated several anti-suffrage senators
Carrie Chapman Catt
Laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol
Prohibition
Roosevelt’s reform programs that promoted the idea that government should actively balance the needs of competing groups in American society
Square Deal
The idea that countries and individuals are subject to Darwin’s laws of natural selection, meaning that some countries are more fit than others and are destined to prosper
Social Darwinism
A union that was composed of the coal miners of Eastern Pennsylvania that started a strike demanding increased pay, reduced work hours, and union recognition
United Mine Workers
A settlement negotiated by an outside party
Arbitration
An act meant to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission by giving it the power to set railroad rates
Hepburn Act
A progressive who wrote “The Jungle,” which described the terrors of the meatpacking industry and caused a general want of reform
Upton Sinclair
A law that required federal inspection of meat sold through interstate commerce and required the Agricultural Department to set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants
Meat Inspection Act
Prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food or drugs
Pure Food and Drug Act
The head of the United States Forest Service established in 1905; appointed by Roosevelt
Gifford Pinchot
A secretary of the interior appointed by Taft; caused contempt of Taft when they tried to make nearly a million acres of public forests and mineral reserves available for private development
Richard A. Ballinger
Disobedience to authority
Insubordination
An agency that investigated and publicized the problems of child labor
Children’s Bureau
