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CC Med Terms 01 > Chapter 8 The Digestive System Medical Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 8 The Digestive System Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

a radiographic procedure that produces a detailed cross-section of the tissue structure within the abdomen

A

abdominal computed tomography

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2
Q

a noninvasive test used to visualize internal organs by using very high frequency sound waves

A

abdominal ultrasound

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3
Q

an abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth

A

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth)

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4
Q

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

A

aerophagia

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5
Q

a small crack-like sore in the skin of the anus that can cause severe pain during a bowel movement

A

anal fissure

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6
Q

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

A

anastomosis

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7
Q

the loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by a disease

A

anorexia

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8
Q

an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to a refusal to maintain a normal body weight

A

anorexia nervosa

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9
Q

the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum

A

anoscopy

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10
Q

medications to relieve indigestion or help peptic ulcers heal by neutralizing stomach acids

A

antacids

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11
Q

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

A

antiemetic

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12
Q

gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

A

aphthous ulcers (canker sores or mouth ulcers)

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13
Q

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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14
Q

performed to treat morbid obesity by restricting the amount of food that can enter the stomach and be digested

A

bariatric surgery

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15
Q

the branch of medicine for the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

A

bariatrics

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16
Q

a condition that occurs when the cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damged by chronic acid exposure

A

Barrett’s esophagus

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17
Q

a number that shows body weigh adjusted for height

A

body mass index (BMI)

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18
Q

the inability to control excretion of feces

A

bowel incontinence

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19
Q

involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep

A

bruxism

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20
Q

an eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting

A

bulimia nervosa

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21
Q

physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

A

cachexia

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22
Q

a tiny video camera in a capsule that the patient swallows that transmits images of the walls of the small intestine

A

capsule endoscopy

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23
Q

an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten

A

celiac disease (gluten intolerance)

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24
Q

a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

A

cheilosis (cheilitis)

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25
Q

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

A

cholangiography

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26
Q

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

A

cholangitis

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27
Q

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

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28
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually associated with gallstones

A

cholecystitis

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29
Q

an incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

A

choledocholithotomy

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30
Q

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile duct

A

cholelithiasis

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31
Q

destructive epidermal cyst in the middle ear made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol

A

cholesteatoma

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32
Q

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

A

cirrhosis

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33
Q

a birth defect resulting in a deep groove of the lip running upward to the nose

A

cleft lip (harelip)

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34
Q

failure of the palate to close during the early development of the fetus that involves the upper lip, hard palate, and/or soft palate

A

cleft palate

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35
Q

surgical removal of all or part of the colon

A

colectomy

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36
Q

direct visual examination of the inner surface of the colon from the rectum to the cecum

A

colonoscopy

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37
Q

a common form of cancer that often first manifests itself in polyps in the colon

A

colorectal carcinoma (colon cancer)

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38
Q

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

A

colostomy

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39
Q

a surgical incision into the colon

A

colotomy

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40
Q

having a bowel movement fewer than three times per week

A

constipation

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41
Q

a bacterial-infection common to older adults in hospitals or long-term care facilities

A

clostridium difficile (C. diff)

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42
Q

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is more often found in the ileum and in the colon

A

Crohn’s disease

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43
Q

a condition in which fluid loss exceeds fluid intake and disrupts the body’s normal electrolyte balance

A

dehydration

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44
Q

hardened dental plaque on the teeth

A

dental calculus (tartar)

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45
Q

an infectious disease that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth

A

dental caries (tooth decay or cavity)

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46
Q

a soft deposit consisting of bacteria and bacterial by-products that builds up on the teeth

A

dental plaque

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47
Q

the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

A

dental prophylaxis

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48
Q

the abnormally frequent flow of loose or watery stools

A

diarrhea

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49
Q

surgical removal of a diverticulum

A

diverticulectomy

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50
Q

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon

A

diverticulitis

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51
Q

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the wall of the colon

A

diverticulosis

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52
Q

a small pouch or sac occurring in the lining or wall of a tubular organ

A

diverticulum

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53
Q

a bacterial infection spread through food or water contaminated by human feces

A

dysentery

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54
Q

pain or discomfort in digestion

A

dyspepsia (indigestion)

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55
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

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56
Q

infection caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli, transmitted through improperly cooked, contaminated foods

A

E. coli

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57
Q

the reflex ejection of the stomach contents outward through the mouth

A

emesis (vomitting)

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58
Q

a small, flexible tube with a light and lens on the end

A

endoscope

59
Q

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

A

enema

60
Q

inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

A

enteritis

61
Q

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

A

eructation

62
Q

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

A

esophogeal varices

63
Q

the endoscopic examination of the upper GI tract

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

64
Q

a hard deposit that forms in the gallbladder and bile ducts

A

gallstone (cholelith)

65
Q

tissue death caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues

A

gangrene

66
Q

apain in the stomach

A

gastralgia

67
Q

surgical removal of all or a part of the stomach

A

gastrectomy

68
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

69
Q

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

A

gastroduodenostomy

70
Q

pain in the stomach

A

gastrodynia

71
Q

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestines

A

gastroenteritis

72
Q

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

73
Q

the excessive secretion gastric juice or mucus in the stomach

A

gastrorrhea

74
Q

any disease of the stomach

A

gastrosis

75
Q

a surgical placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

A

gastrostomy tube (G-tube)

76
Q

surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue

A

gingivectomy

77
Q

inflammation of the gums; the earliest stage of periodontal disease

A

gingivitis

78
Q

an unpleasant odor coming from the mouth

A

halitosis (bad breath)

79
Q

the vomiting of blood

A

hematemesis

80
Q

the flow of bright red blood in the stool

A

hematochezia

81
Q

a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools

A

hemoccult test (fecal occult blood test)

82
Q

the surgical removal of hemorrhoids

A

hemorrhoidectomy

83
Q

a condition that occurs when a cluster of enlarged veins, muscles, and tissues slip near or through the anal opening

A

hemorrhoids

84
Q

the surgical removal of all or party of the liver

A

hepatectomy

85
Q

inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

86
Q

abnormal enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

87
Q

the protrusion of a part or structure through the tissue normally containing it

A

hernia

88
Q

blister-like sores on the lips caused by HSV-1

A

herpes labialis (cold sores or fever blisters)

89
Q

the protrusion of part of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

90
Q

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

A

hyperemesis

91
Q

the surgical removal of the ileum

A

ileectomy

92
Q

the surgical creation of an artificial opening between the ileum and the outside of the abdominal wall

A

ileostomy

93
Q

the partial of complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine

A

ileus (paralytic ileus)

94
Q

the general name for diseases that cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines

A

inflammatory bowel disease

95
Q

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

A

inguinal hernia

96
Q

the partial of complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine caused by a physical obstruction

A

intestinal obstruction

97
Q

fluid administered into a vein to combat the effects of dehydration

A

intravenous fluid

98
Q

the telescoping of one part of the small intestine into the opening of an immediately adjacent part

A

intussusception

99
Q

a common condition of unknown cause with symptoms that can include intermittent cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and/or diarrhea

A

irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon)

100
Q

a condition that occurs when part of the large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood

A

ischemic colitis

101
Q

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

A

jaundice

102
Q

medications or foods given to stimulation bowel movements

A

laxatives

103
Q

an abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops inside the mouth in response to chronic irritation

A

leukoplakia

104
Q

an option for a patient whose liver has failed for a reason other than liver cancer

A

liver transplant

105
Q

a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from the food that passes through it

A

malabsorption

106
Q

a lack of proper food or nutrients in the body, due to a shortage of food, poor eating habits, or the inability of the body to digest, absorb, and distribute these nutrients

A

malnutrition

107
Q

specialized surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries

A

maxillofacial surgery

108
Q

the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

A

melena

109
Q

the condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 40

A

morbid obesity (severe obesity)

110
Q

the placement of a tube through the nose and into the stomach

A

nasogastric intubation

111
Q

the urge to vomit

A

nausea

112
Q

describes the accumulation of fat in the liver of people who drink little or no alcohol

A

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

113
Q

a more serious form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, consists of fatty accumulations plus liver-damaging inflammation

A

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

114
Q

an excessive accumulation of fat in the body

A

obesity

115
Q

a physician specializing in surgery of the face and jaws to correct deformities, treat diseases, and repair injuries

A

oral or maxillofacial surgeon

116
Q

treatment in which a solution of electrolytes is administered in a liquid preparation to counteract dehydration

A

oral rehydration therapy

117
Q

a type of stomatomycosis caused by the fungus candida albicans

A

oral thrush

118
Q

a surgical procedure to create an artificial opening between an organ and the body surface

A

ostomy

119
Q

surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip

A

palatoplasty

120
Q

sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

A

peptic ulcers

121
Q

inflammation of the tissues that surround and support the teeth

A

periodontal disease (periodontitis)

122
Q

an abnormal craving or appetite for nonfood substances such as dirt that lasts for at least one month

A

pica

123
Q

mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

A

polyp

124
Q

excessive hunger

A

polyphagia

125
Q

surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

A

proctopexy

126
Q

medications that decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach

A

proton pump inhibitors

127
Q

the burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

A

pyrosis (heart burn)

128
Q

a bulging of the front wall of the rectum into the vagina

A

rectocele

129
Q

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

A

regurgitation

130
Q

an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked food

A

salmonellosis (salmonella)

131
Q

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possible a portion of the descending colon

A

sigmoidoscopy

132
Q

the presence of excess fat in stool

A

steatorrhea

133
Q

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

A

stomatitis

134
Q

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus

A

stomatomycosis

135
Q

specimens of feces that are examined for content and characteristics

A

stool samples

136
Q

a condition that occurs when a portion of the intestine is constricted inside the hernia and its blood supply is cut off

A

strangulated hernia

137
Q

a specialized solution administered intravenously to patients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating

A

total parenteral nutrition

138
Q

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

A

trismus

139
Q

an open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

A

ulcer

140
Q

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestines cause ulcers and irritation

A

ulcerative colitis

141
Q

radiographic studies to examine the digestive system. a contrast medium is used to make these structures visible

A

upper GI series and lower GI series

142
Q

twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

A

volvulus

143
Q

a lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

A

xerostomia (dry mouth)

CC Med Terms 01 (65 decks)

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