Chapter 11 Special Senses The Eyes and Ears A&P Flashcards by Curious Canadian

are the structures outside the eyeball

adnexa oculi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

means the accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

adnexa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

known as the eye socket, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

orbit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

describes an angle that is slanted but is not perpendicular or parallel

oblique

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible

binocular vision

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the ability to see things in three dimensions

depth perception

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

canthus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

are small hairs, make up the eyebrows and eyelashes

cilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

also known as the tarsal plate, is the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provide the necessary stiffness and shape

tarsus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball

conjunctiva

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

also known as the tear apparatus, consists of structures that produce, store and remove tears

lacrimal apparatus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the secretion of tears

lacrimation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which secrete lacrimal fluid (tears), are located on the underside of the upper eyelid just above the outer corner of each eye

lacrimal glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

commonly known as tears, is to maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball

lacrimal fluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye. collect tears and empty them into the lacrimal sacs

lacrimal canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

also known as the tear sac, is an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct

lacrimal sac

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

also known as the globe, is a 1-inch sphere with only about one-sixth of its surface visible

eyeball

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

means pertaining to the eye or sight

optic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

means pertaining to the eye

ocular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

means outside the eyeball

extraocular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

means within the eyeball

intraocular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

known as the white of the eye, maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue

sclera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye

choroid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

is the sensitive inner most layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye. receives nerve impulses and transmits them to the brain via the optic nerve

retina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

makes up the front one-third of the eyeball

anterior segment

is located behind the cornea and in front of the iris

anterior chamber

is located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place

posterior chamber

known as aqueous fluid, fills both of these chambers

aqueous humor

is a measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye

intraocular pressure

makes up the remaining two-thirds of the eyeball, is lined with the retina

posterior segment

known as vitreous gel, this is a soft, clear, jelly-like mass that contains millions of fine fibers.

vitreous humor

receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye. then converted to nerve impulses and transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve

rods and cons

are the black and white receptor

rods

are the color receptors

cones

also known as the macula lutea, is a clearly defined light-sensitive area in the corner of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision

macula

is a pit in the middle of the macula. color vision is best in this area because it contains a high concentration of cones and no rods

fovea centralis

known as the blind spot, is a small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve

optic disk

transmits these nerve impulses from the retina to the brain

optic nerve

is the pigmented layer of the eye. it has a rich blood supply and consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris

uvea

is located within the choroid, is a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of light rays on the retina

ciliary body

is the colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil. control the amount of light that is allowed to enter the eye through the pupil

iris

is the transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil. primary structure focusing light rays entering the eye

cornea

is the black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye

pupil

clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina

lens

is the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances

accommodation

is the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other

convergence

is the abnormal relationship between refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

emmetropia

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes

ophthalmologist

holds a doctor of optometry degree and provides primary eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions, and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

optometrist

is a health care practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction

optician

occurs most frequently in older people and is the leading cause of legal blindness in those older than age 60

age-related macular degeneration

accounts for 90% of theses cases, is caused by the slow deterioration of the cells of the macula

dry macular degeneration

is the damage to the macula that develops as a complication as the disease progresses. caused by the formation of new blood vessels

wet macular degeneration

is used to measure visual acuity

snellen chart

unit of measurement of the lens' refractive power

diopter

a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous cavity to put pressure on the area of repair while it heals

pneumatic retinopexy

means pertaining to the sense of hearing

auditory

means pertaining to sound or hearing

acoustic

also known as the auricle or the outer ear, is the external portion of the ear

pinna

transmits these sound waves to the tympanic membrane of the middle ear

external auditory canal

also known as earwax, is secreted by ceruminous glands that line the auditory canal

cerumen

which is located between the outer ear and the inner ear, transmits sound across the space between these two parts

middle ear

also known as the eardrum, is located between the outer and middle ear

tympanic membrane

is the temporal bone containing hollow air space that surrounds the middle ear

mastoid process

are three small bones located within the middle ear

auditory ossicles

what are the three bones of the middle ear

malleusincusstapes

also known as the hammer

malleus

also known as the anvil

incus

also known as the stirrup

stapes

also known as the auditory tubes, are narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and the throat

eustachian tubes

contains sensory receptors for hearing and balance

inner ear

structures of the inner ear are known as the

labyrinth

is located under the base of the stapes, is the membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear

oval window

is the snail-shaped structure of the inner ear and is where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses

cochlea

receives vibrations from the cochlear duct and relays them to the auditor nerve fibers

organ of corti

contain the liquid endolymph and sensitive hair-like cells. bending of these hair-cells in response to movements of the head set up impulses in nerve fibers to help maintain equilibrium

semicircular canals

transmit this information to the brain, and sends messages to muscles in all parts of the body to ensure that equilibrium is maintained

acoustic nerve (vestibularcochlear)

is the process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and then travel down the external auditory canal until they strike the tympanic membrane

air conduction

occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate

bone conduction

occurs when these sound vibrations reach the inner ear. receive the sound waves and relay them to the auditory nerve for transmission to the brain

sensorineural conduction

specializes in the measurement of hearing function and in the rehabilitation of persons with hearing impairments

audiologist

is usually associated with an upper respiratory infection and is most commonly seen in young children

acute otitis media

is a fluid buildup in the middle ear without symptoms of an infection. can be caused by obstruction of the eustachian tubes

serous otitis media

is an external electronic device that uses a microphone to detect and amplify sounds

analog hearing aid

uses a computer chip to convert the incoming sound into a code that can be filtered before being amplified

digital hearing aid

means lodged or wedged firmly in place

impacted

is an inflammation of the external auditory canal

otitis externa

fused together

ankylosis