Chapter 7 The Respiratory System Medical Terms Flashcards
a life-threatening condition in which inflammation in the lungs and fluid in the alveoli lead to low levels of oxygen in the blood
acute respiratory distress syndrome
the swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus
airway inflammation
occurs when food or a foreign object partially or completely blocks the airway and prevents air from entering or leaving the lungs
airway obstruction (choking)
an allergic reaction to airborne allergens
allergic rhinitis (allergy)
an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen
allergy
the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues or organs despite adequate flow of blood
anoxia
the form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs
anthracosis (coal miner’s pneumoconiosis or black lung disease)
medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing
antitussive (cough medicine)
the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
aphonia
the form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs
asbestosis
the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
asphyxia
pneumonia caused by a foreign substance, such as vomit, being inhaled into the lungs
aspiration pneumonia
a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes
asthma
incomplete expansion of part of all of the lung
atelectasis (collapsed lung)
pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae
bacterial pneumonia
noninvasive ventilation device like a CPAP machine; however, it can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling
BiPAP machine
an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
bradypnea
permanent dilation of the bronchi caused by chronic infection and inflammation
bronchiectasis
a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs
bronchodilator
a localized form of pneumonia often affects the bronchioles
bronchopneumonia
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
bronchorrhea
the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope
bronchoscopy
a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut
bronchospasm
a valuable tool for diagnosing pneumonia, lung cancer, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, and emphysema
chest x-ray (chest imaging)
an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slow respiration or apnea
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
a disease in which the airways have become inflammed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant
chronic brochitis
a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it hard to breath
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic
community-acquired pneumonia
a noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea
CPAP machine (continuous positive airway pressure)
an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor
croup
bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
cyanosis
a life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
cystic fibrosis
a relaxation technique used to relieve anxiety
diaphragmatic breathing (abdominal breathing)
an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
diphtheria
difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality
dysphonia
difficult or labored breathing
dyspnea (shortness of breath (SOB) )
the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking
emphysema
an accumulation of pus in a body cavity
empyema
the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway
endotracheal intubation
bleeding from the nose
epistaxis (nose-bleed)
easy or normal breathing
eupnea
the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other body fluid
expectoration
a surgical procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus
function endoscopic sinus surgery
a surgical procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus
functional endoscopic sinus surgery
expectoration of blood or bloodstained sputum
hemoptysis
a collection of blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
a type of pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient’s defenses are impaired
hospital-acquired pneumonia (nosocomial pneumonia)
use or inhaled oxygen in a special chamber with increased air pressure to promote healing and fight infection
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest
hyperpnea
an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety
hyperventilation
shallow or slow respiration
hypopnea
the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; less severe than anoxia
hypoxia
a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that occurs in seasonal epidemics
influenza
a group of diseases that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures
interstitial lung diseases
the surgical removal of the larynx
laryngectomy
inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a laryngoscope
laryngoscopy
the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
laryngospasm
a surgical incision into the larynx
laryngotomy
a type of pneumonia that affects larger areas of the lungs, often one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung
lobar pneumonia
the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ
lobectomy
a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung
lung cancer
a test for diagnosing tuberculosis
Mantoux PPD skin test
a medical device that administers a specific amount of a medication such as a bronchodilator in aerosol form
metered dose inhaler
an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece
nebulizer
a handheld device used to measure quickly a person with asthma can expel air
peak flow meter
a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough
pertussis (whooping cough)
inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis (sore throat)
thick mucus secreted by tissues lining the respiratory tract
phlegm
the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that prevents the lung from fully expanding
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
pleurisy (pleuritis)
pain in the pleura or in the side
pleurodynia
any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
pneumoconiosis
the form of pneumonia caused by an opportunistic infection with the fungus Pneumocystis carinii
pneumocystis pneumonia
the surgical removal of all or part of the lung
pneumonectomy
a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other liquid
pneumonia
bleeding from the lungs
pneumorrhagia
the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lungs to fully or partially collapse
pneumothorax
the diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep
polysomnography (sleep study)
an accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues
pulmonary edema
the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter or by an embolus that has formed in the leg or pelvic region
pulmonary embolism
the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing
pulmonary fibrosis (interstitial fibrosis)
a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by utilizing a spirometer
pulmonary function tests
an external monitor that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood
pulse oximeter
the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of pleural membrane
pyothorax (empyema of the pleural cavity)
a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerous low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high
respiratory failure (RF) (respiratory acidosis)
the watery flow of mucus from the nose
rhinorrhea (runny nose)
the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum
septoplasty
the form of pnemoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs
silicosis
an inflammation of the sinuses
sinusitis
a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
sleep apnea
damage to the lungs in which particles from a fire coat the alveoli and prevent normal exchange of gases
smoke inhalation
a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath
spirometer
phlegm ejected through the mouth that can be examined for diagnostic purposes
sputum
an abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx
stridor
the sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between the ages of two and six months
sudden infant death syndrome
administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air
supplemental oxygen
an abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute
tachypnea
the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
thoracacentesis
surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment
thoracotomy
bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea
tracheorrhagia
the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea in order to insert a tube to facilitate breathing
tracheostomy
an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
tracheotomy
a screening test for tuberculosis in which the skin of the arm is injected with harmless antigen extracted from the TB bacteria
tuberculin skin testing
an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs
tuberculosis
a mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient’s natural breathing function
ventilator (respirator)
a term used to describe the common cold; coryza
upper respiratory infections(acute nasopharyngitis or the common cold)
the use of a thoracoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions
video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
caused by several different types of viruses, accounts for approximately a third of all pneumonias
viral pneumonia
a milder but longer-lasting form of pneumonia caused by the bacteria mycoplasma pneumoniae
walking pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia)
a surgery in which a small wedge-shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer
wedge resection
