Chapter 8 sti

Question 1

what are communicable diseases

Answer 1

Disease transmitted from person to person

Question 2

What is Endemic

Answer 2

Communicable disease in which a small number of cases are continually present in the population

Question 3

Direct transmission is composed of

Answer 3

Direct physical contact (casual, sex)
Droplet spread (coughing, sneezing)
Fluids/Blood

Question 4

Indirect transmission composed of

Answer 4

Contaminated food or water
Insects (vector)

Question 5

what is syphlis called

Answer 5

Treponema pallidum

Question 6

explain the stages of syphilis

Answer 6

1) primary syphilis: causes chancres highley infections persists 4-6 weeks
2)skin rash and enlarged lymph nodes Begins several months after chancre has healed and lasts 2-3 years. latenet phase last manny years
3) teritary: after 3-15 years, not communicable organism remains active causing organ damage due to CHRONIC inflammation.

Question 7

How can syphilis be detected

Answer 7

1) microscopic exam: detection of trepnoma from the fluid in chancres.
2) serological tests: Useful for diagnosing disease in asymptomatic individuals

Question 8

what is Gonorrhea called

Answer 8

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Question 9

what is special about Gonorrhea

Answer 9

clinical manifestations differ between males and females.

Question 10

what are common symtoms between males and females when it comes to gonorrhea

Answer 10

-discharge
-painful urination
-stertility

Question 11

Disseminated gonococcal infection is composed of

Answer 11

-Organisms gain access into bloodstream
-Fever; joint pain; multiple small skin abscesses; infections of the joints, tendons, heart valves, meninges

Question 12

How is gonorrhea diagsnosed

Answer 12

-Culture swab in suspected sites
-Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT): Based on identification of nucleic acids in organism

Question 13

What is the treatent for gonorrhea

Answer 13

antibiotics but not penicillin becuase it is resistent.

Question 14

What are the different types of herpes

Answer 14

Herpes type 1: infects oral mucouse mebranes, usually infected in childhood, most adults have antibodies for it, may cause genital infections
Herpes type 2: infects genital tract, 80% of cases

vesicles and shallow ulcers after exposure are infectious

Question 15

How is herpes diagnosed

Answer 15

Viral cultures from vesicles or ulcers most reliable diagnostic test
Serologic tests in some cases

Question 15

What is the treatment for herpes

Answer 15

antivirals, acyclovir shortens course and reduces severity but does not eradicate virus.

Question 16

What STI causes encephalitis

Answer 16

Herpes hits trigeminal nerve.

Question 17

In what way is chlamydia similar to gonorhea

Answer 17

spread to fallopian tubes and discharge.

Question 18

Treatment for chlamydia

Answer 18

Antibiotics

Question 19

How is chalmydia diagnosed

Answer 19

Detection of chlamydial antigens in cervical or urethral secretions
Fluorescence microscopy
Cultures (swabs)
Nucleic acid amplification tests: based on chlamydial nucleic acids

Question 20

List other common but less serious STD

Answer 20

-HPV genital warts.
-Trichomonas vaginalis (parasite)
-Scabies and crabs

Question 21

Explain HIV life cycle

Answer 21

1) the virus binds to CD4 and enters cells
2)revers transcriptase converts RNA into DNA.
3)This DNA is then transported into nucleus
4)The integration of the viral DNA into the host cell’s genome by integrase
5)After integration, virus can remain dormant in the cellular genome as provirus
6)Upon cellular activation, genes are transcribed and viral RNA is transported to cytoplasm
7)